It seems that today wars are a thing of the past: even the latest studies show that in the third millennium significantly fewer people die during armed conflicts. However, the unstable situation remains in many regions, and hot spots continue to appear on the map every now and then. Apparat has selected the ten most significant armed conflicts and military crises that threaten the world right now.
Zones of military tension are indicated in red on the maps
Iraq
Participants
Government troops, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), scattered Sunni groups, autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan.
The essence of the conflict
The terrorist organization ISIS wants to build a caliphate - an Islamic theocratic state - on part of the territories of Iraq and Syria, and so far the authorities have not been able to successfully resist the militants. The Iraqi Kurds took advantage of the ISIS offensive - they unhinderedly captured several large oil-producing regions and are planning to secede from Iraq.
Current situation
The ISIS caliphate already extends from the Syrian city of Aleppo to the areas bordering Baghdad. So far, government troops have managed to recapture only a few large cities - Tikrit and Uja. The autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has freely taken control of several large oil-producing areas and is planning to hold a referendum on independence in the near future.
Gaza Strip
Participants
Israel Defense Forces, Hamas, Fatah, Gaza Strip civilians.
The essence of the conflict
Israel launched Operation Unbreakable Wall to destroy the infrastructure of the Hamas terrorist movement and other terrorist organizations in the Gaza Strip region. The immediate cause was the increased frequency of rocket attacks on Israeli territories and the kidnapping of three Jewish teenagers.
Current situation
On July 17, the ground phase of the operation began after Hamas militants violated a five-hour truce to organize humanitarian corridors. According to the UN, by the time the temporary truce was concluded, there were already more than 200 civilian deaths. The Palestinian President's Fatah party has already stated that their people will “repel Israeli aggression in the Gaza Strip.”
Syria
Participants
Syrian Armed Forces, National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, Syrian Kurdistan, Al-Qaeda, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Islamic Front, Ahrar al-Sham, Al-Nusra Front and others.
The essence of the conflict
The war in Syria began after a brutal crackdown on anti-government demonstrations that began in the region in the wake of the Arab Spring. The armed confrontation between the army of Bashar al-Assad and the moderate opposition escalated into a civil war that affected the entire country - now in Syria about 1,500 different rebel groups with a total number of 75 to 115 thousand people have joined the conflict. The most powerful armed groups are radical Islamists.
Current situation
Today, most of the country is controlled by the Syrian army, but the northern regions of Syria are captured by ISIS. Assad's forces are attacking moderate opposition forces in Aleppo, near Damascus the confrontation between ISIS terrorists and militants of the Islamic Front has intensified, and in the north of the country the Kurds are also resisting ISIS.
Ukraine
Participants
Armed Forces of Ukraine, National Guard Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, militias of the Donetsk People's Republic, militias of the Lugansk People's Republic, "Russian Orthodox Army", Russian volunteers and others.
The essence of the conflict
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia and the change of power in Kyiv in the South-East of Ukraine in April of this year, the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics were proclaimed by pro-Russian armed groups. The Ukrainian authorities and the newly elected President Poroshenko began against the separatists military operation.
Current situation
On July 17, a Malaysian airliner crashed over separatist-controlled territories. Kyiv blamed the deaths of 298 people on fighters of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic - the Ukrainian authorities are convinced that the separatists have air defense systems that were transferred to them by the Russian side. The DPR denies any involvement in the plane crash. OSCE representatives are currently working at the crash site. However, the separatists have already shot down planes before, although not at such a height and with the help of man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems. To date, the armed forces of Ukraine have managed to recapture part of the territories from the separatists, in particular the city of Slavyansk.
Nigeria
Participants
Government troops, Boko Haram.
The essence of the conflict
Since 2002, the radical Islamist sect Boko Haram has been operating in Nigeria, which advocates the introduction of Sharia law throughout the country, while only part of the state is inhabited by Muslims. Over the past five years, Boko Haram followers have armed themselves and now regularly carry out terrorist attacks, kidnappings and mass executions. The victims of terrorists are Christians and secular Muslims. The country's leadership has failed negotiations with Boko Haram and is not yet able to suppress the group, which already controls entire regions.
Current situation
Some Nigerian states have been under a state of emergency for a year now. On July 17, the President of Nigeria asked financial assistance at international community: The country's army has too outdated and few weapons to fight terrorists. Since April this year, Boko Haram has been holding hostage over 250 schoolgirls who were kidnapped for ransom or sale into slavery.
South Sudan
Participants
Dinka Tribal Union, Nuer Tribal Union, UN Peacekeeping Forces, Uganda.
The essence of the conflict
At the height of the political crisis in December 2013, the president of South Sudan announced that his former ally and vice president had attempted to stage a military coup in the country. Mass arrests and riots began, which subsequently escalated into violent armed clashes between two tribal unions: the country’s president belongs to the Nuer, which dominates politics and the population, and the disgraced vice-president and his supporters belong to the Dinka, the second largest ethnic group in the state.
Current situation
The rebels control the main oil-producing areas - the basis of South Sudan's economy. The UN sent a peacekeeping contingent to the epicenter of the conflict to protect civilians: more than 10 thousand people were killed in the country, and 700 thousand became forced refugees. In May, the warring parties began negotiations for a truce, but the former vice president and rebel leader admitted that he could not completely control the rebels. Resolving the conflict is complicated by the presence of troops from neighboring Uganda in the country, who are on the side of the government forces of South Sudan.
Mexico
Participants
More than 10 drug cartels, government troops, police, self-defense units.
The essence of the conflict
For several decades, there was hostility between drug cartels in Mexico, but the corrupt government tried not to interfere in the struggle between groups for drug traffic. That changed when newly elected President Felipe Calderon sent regular army troops into one of the states in 2006 to restore order there.
The confrontation escalated into a war between the combined police and army forces against dozens of drug cartels across the country.
Current situation
Over the years of conflict, drug cartels in Mexico have turned into real corporations - now they control and divide among themselves the market for sex services, counterfeit goods, weapons, and software. In government and media, large cartels have their own lobbyists and agents who work on public opinion. The cartel war over drug traffic has become secondary; now they are fighting among themselves for control of communications: major highways, ports, border cities. Government forces are losing in this war primarily due to widespread corruption and the massive defection of the armed forces to the side of the drug cartels. In some especially crime-prone regions, the population has formed a people's militia because they do not trust the local police.
Central Asia
Participants
Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan.
The essence of the conflict
The tense situation in the region is maintained by Afghanistan, which has been unstable for decades, on the one hand, and Uzbekistan, which is entering into territorial disputes, on the other. The main drug traffic in the Eastern Hemisphere also passes through these countries - a powerful source of regular armed clashes between criminal groups.
Current situation
After the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and the presidential elections, another crisis erupted in the country. The Taliban movement launched a large-scale attack on Kabul, while participants in the election race refused to recognize the results of the presidential election.
In January of this year, on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, armed conflict between border services - each side is confident that the other is violating the border. There is still no agreement between the countries on clear demarcation of borders. Uzbekistan also presented its territorial claims to neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan - the country's authorities are not satisfied with the borders that were formed as a result of the collapse of the USSR. A few weeks ago, the next stage of negotiations began to resolve the conflict, which since 2012 could at any time turn into an armed one.
China and countries of the region
Participants
China, Vietnam, Japan, Philippines.
The essence of the conflict
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the situation in the region deteriorated again - China again started talking about territorial claims to Vietnam. The disputes concern the small but strategically important Paracel Islands and the Spratly Archipelago. The conflict is exacerbated by the militarization of Japan. Tokyo decided to revise its peace constitution, begin militarization and increase its military presence in the Senkaku Archipelago, which is also claimed by the PRC.
Current situation
China has completed development of oil fields near disputed islands that have sparked protests from Vietnam. The Philippines sent its military to support Vietnam and carried out an action that angered Beijing - the troops of the two countries played a demonstrative football game in the Spratly archipelago. There are still Chinese warships a short distance from the Paracel Islands. Among other things, Hanoi claims that the Chinese have already deliberately sunk one Vietnamese fishing boat and damaged 24 others. However, at the same time, China and the Philippines oppose Japan's policy of militarization.
Sahel region
Participants
France, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea and other neighboring countries.
The essence of the conflict
In 2012, the Sahel region experienced its largest humanitarian crisis: the negative impact of the crisis in Mali coincided with severe food shortages. During civil war Most Tuaregs from Libya emigrated to northern Mali. There they proclaimed the independent state of Azawad. In 2013, the Malian military accused the president of failing to deal with the separatists and staged a military coup. At the same time, France sent its troops into Mali to fight the Tuaregs and the radical Islamists who joined them from neighboring countries. The Sahel is home to the largest markets for arms, slaves, drugs on the African continent, and the main hideouts for dozens of terrorist organizations.
Current situation
The UN estimates that more than 11 million people in the Sahel region are currently hungry. And in the near future this number may increase to 18 million. In Mali, clashes between government troops and the French army against Tuareg guerrilla groups and radical Islamists continue, despite the fall of the self-proclaimed state of Azawad. And this only increases the unstable situation and humanitarian crisis in the region - in 2014, the presence of terrorist groups increased in almost all Sahel countries.
War between people has been going on since very ancient times. I suggest learning about some hot spots over the past few years.
Eastern Congo. Since the people's militia declared war on the country's ethnic minority, the situation in the country has become very unstable. Since 1994, more than a million Congolese have fled the country as a huge insurgency has formed in the country. Several million Congolese who did not leave were killed. Later in 2003, the National Congress of People's Defense was created, headed by Laurent Nkunda. In 2009, it was captured by Rwandan troops, but the unrest in the country never stopped. The photo was taken in a rebel camp in Goma. People carry their dead relative in a coffin.
Kashmir. When Great Britain renounced its rights to India in 1947, conflicts began in Kashmir that continue to this day. As a result of the collapse, two countries emerged: Pakistan and India. The photo was taken in Srinagar when tear gas was used to disperse the crowd.
China. In the photo, Chinese soldiers look outside the city of Urumqi, Xinjiang province. Uyghurs make up 45% of the population of the Northwestern Autonomous Region. Since the 90s, the Uighurs have been demanding independence, despite the fact that the region is considered autonomous. During the next Uighur uprising in Urumqi, 150 people died.
Iran. In 2009, an uprising arose in this country, which was called the “Green Revolution”. It is considered the most significant since 1979. It appeared after the elections, when Ahmadinejad won the presidency. Immediately after the elections, millions of local residents took to the streets in support of Mousavi. Iran has always used weapons to disperse protesters.
Chad. The civil war has been going on here since 2005. Chad has become an excellent refuge for refugees from Darfur and neighboring Central African republics. The photo shows Chadian soldiers.
Eastern Chad. About 500,000 people had to flee to the deserts of Chad and remain there as refugees, creating their own camps. Due to the fact that the two countries are in conflict, a huge number of people are dying. The photo shows women from a refugee camp carrying branches for a fire.
North Korea and South Korea, remain very tense. In the south of the country, the United States left about 20,000 of its soldiers, because a peace treaty has not yet been signed between these two countries, but this issue is constantly open. The North Korean leader continues to develop Pyongyang's nuclear program, even after the United States tried several times to stop it during negotiations. North Korea first tested its nuclear weapons in 2006, after which they were tested again in 2009. In the photo, soldiers from different sides stand opposite each other on the border that divides the territory into two Koreas.
Pakistan's North West Province. Since 2001, along the border with Afghanistan, Pakistan's North West Frontier Province has seen some of the heaviest fighting between Islamists and Pakistani forces. Many people believe that al-Qaeda leaders are hiding here, which is why American planes constantly fly over here. This place is recognized as the most tense, hot spot in the world. The photo shows a burnt oil tanker, with a Pakistani soldier in the foreground.
Pakistan. This country remains a key country in the American fight against terrorism to this day, despite the fact that the whole world is watching the actions of Iraq and Afghanistan. The photo was taken in the Shah Mansoor refugee camp, Swabi city.
Somalia. Located in southeast Africa. There has been no peace in this country since 1990, just since the government ceased to exist. The leader was Mohamed Siada, who was overthrown in 1992. Immediately after that, the rebels split into groups that obeyed different dictators. The United States intervened in the conflict in 1992, but withdrew its troops two years later due to Black Hawk Down. In 2006, the government of the Organization of Islamic Courts stabilized the situation in the country, but not for long. The country is ruled by rebels and only a small part is controlled by Sheikh Sharif from the Islamic Courts. The photo shows a woman cooking in a refugee camp.
In general, several dictators are trying to control Somalia.
Philippines. The conflict in this country has been going on for more than 40 years, and is therefore considered the longest war in all of Asia. In 1969, a communist rebel group formed and called itself the New People's Army. The group set itself a goal - to overthrow Ferdinand Marcos, who died in 1989. Even Norway tried to resolve the conflict, but was unsuccessful. The "New People's Army" even recruits children into its ranks; children make up about 40% of the entire army. Photo taken in Luzon.
Gaza. In 2007, after bloody fighting, Hamas gained full control of the country. After Israel tightened sanctions, Hamas groups fired rockets at their closest cities. After a large-scale operation carried out by Israel in 2008 to destroy the military potential of Hamas, a huge number of civilians suffered. The photo was taken after an air attack carried out by the Israeli military.
India. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said the Indian Communist Party, known as the Naxalites, was "the most powerful internal force our country has ever faced." Despite the fact that the Naxalite movement was initially a small organization of peasant opposition since 1967, over time it grew into a revolutionary and national liberation movement. The organization's goal is to overthrow the Indian regime. Over the past 10 years, the movement has quadrupled its strength and is currently active in 223 districts of the country. In the photo, supporters of the Communist Party of India protest against paid bus tours in Andhra Pradesh.
On September 11, 2001, American troops destroyed the Taliban and al-Qaeda forces and established a regime under the leadership of President Hamid Karzai. After 8 years, stability has not yet come to the country and this has embittered the Taliban even more. In 2009, new President Obama brought 30,000 American soldiers who joined NATO. In the photo, an Afghan family looks at the soldiers.
Nigeria. An anti-government movement called the Niger Delta emerged in 1995, immediately after the execution of human rights activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and several of his colleagues. This man spoke out against poverty and pollution of the country by oil companies. In the photo, the Niger Delta Movement celebrates its victory over Niger soldiers.
South Ossetia. South Ossetia is a Georgian province that has fallen out of control, located on the border with Russia. The South Ossetian Popular Front, created in 1988, fought for Ossetia to leave the control of Georgia and for them to cooperate with Russia. Some of the largest clashes occurred in 1991,1992, 2004, 2008. In the photo, Russian soldiers overcome mountains on the way to the South Ossetian conflict.
Central African Republic. Civil war broke out in 2004 after a decade of instability. The rebels, calling themselves the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity, were the first to oppose the government of President Francois Bozize, who came to power after a coup in 2003. Although the conflict officially ended with a peace agreement on April 13, 2007, isolated incidents of violence continue. Since 2007, the European Union has maintained a contingent of peacekeepers dedicated to protecting civilians and assisting the government. In the photo, French representative Michael Sampic speaks with the head of the village of Dakhele.
Burma. The Karen are an ethnic minority who have been fighting the Burmese government to recognize them since 1949. Autonomous Okrug Kawthoolei, located on the border with Thailand. This confrontation is considered one of the most protracted internal conflicts in the world. In June 2009, Burmese troops launched an offensive against Karen rebels on the Thailand-Burma border. They managed to destroy 7 rebel camps and drive the remaining 4,000 militants deep into the jungle. The photo shows one of the soldiers with a machine gun on his shoulder from the Karen National Union.
Peru. Since 1980, the Peruvian government has been trying to destroy the Maoist guerrilla organization Shining Path. The partisans seek to overthrow what they believe is the bourgeois government in Lima and establish a “dictatorship of the proletariat.” Although the Shining Path was quite active in the 1980s, the government's arrest of the group's leader, Abimael Guzman, in 1992 dealt a significant blow to their activities. But after a ten-year lull, the Shining Path marked its return with a bomb explosion near the American embassy in Lima in March 2002, which occurred just a few days after the visit of American President George W. Bush. In the photo is Peruvian Interior Minister Luis Alva Castro.
From bloody civil war in Africa to unrest in Southeast Asia, there are currently 33 hotspots in the world where local populations are suffering the most.
(Total 33 photos)
The situation in Eastern Congo has been quite unstable since the Hutu militia (Interahamwe) declared war on the country's ethnic minority, the Tutsi people. Since 1994, this has been . Since then, the region has become home to a huge number of rebels, forcing more than a million Congolese to flee the country and killing several million. In 2003, the leader of the Tutsi rebellion, Laurent Nkunda, continued the battle with the Hutu (Interahamwe) and created the National Congress of People's Defense. In January 2009, Nkunda was captured by Rwandan troops. But even despite the loss of their leader, individual groups of Tutsi rebels are still causing unrest. The photo shows family members carrying the body of their relative for burial. Rebel camp in Goma, January 19, 2009.
Conflicts in Kashmir have been ongoing since 1947, when Britain renounced its rights to India. As a result of the collapse, two countries were formed: Pakistan and India. The conflict is related to the division of disputed territories, and clashes still occur quite often on the border of these states, as well as in Kashmir itself, which belongs to India. For example, the unrest that broke out after the death of two unarmed Muslim teenagers. Pictured here are Kashmiri Muslims throwing canisters of tear gas, as well as rocks and lighters, back at police officers. It was this tear gas that was used to disperse a crowd of protesters in Srinagar on February 5, 2010.
A Uighur woman peers through security barriers as Chinese soldiers watch in the city of Urumqi, Xinjiang province, July 9, 2009. The Northwest Autonomous Region is home to 13 ethnic groups - the largest of which, at 45% of the population, are Uighurs. Despite the fact that the region is considered autonomous, some Uyghur representatives have been demanding recognition of full independence since the mid-90s. China's attempts to unify with this area only cause inter-ethnic tensions, coupled with religious repression and economic inequality, all of which only worsen the situation. When another outbreak broke out, the authorities responded immediately. As a result, 150 people died.
Protesting the results in 2009, millions of Iranians took to the streets to support opposition candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi. In their opinion, it was he who should have won the elections, but the results were falsified. This uprising was given the name "Green Revolution" and is considered one of the most significant events in Iranian politics since 1979. “Color revolutions” also took place in other countries: Georgia, Ukraine and Serbia. The Iranian regime has never renounced the use of weapons to disperse protesters. In the photo, one of the rebels covers his face with his hand, wearing a symbolic green bandage, on December 27, 2009, after a clash with the Basij militia forces, reinforced by internal security fighters who joined them.
The civil war here has been going on for five years now, with anti-government uprisings supported by neighboring Sudan. Chad has become a good refuge not only for thousands of refugees from Darfur, but also for those. Who fled from the neighboring republics of Central Africa. Pictured are Chadian soldiers resting after the Battle of Am Dam, which lasted two days in May 2009. As a result, Chadian troops managed to prevent the capture of the capital N'Djamena and the overthrow of power.
Over the past 5 years, fighting in eastern Chad and neighboring Darfur has forced more than 400,000 people to flee into the Chadian desert and form refugee camps there. Rebels from the two countries take turns expressing dissatisfaction with each other. And caught in the crossfire are civilians, tired of senseless violence, scorched earth tactics and ethnic cleansing. Sudanese women carry branches for a fire in a refugee camp in Chad June 26, 2008.
More than half a century after the end of the Korean War, relations between the two remain tense. So far, no peace agreement has been signed between the two countries, and the US is leaving 20,000 of its troops in the south of the country. When it will be signed and whether it will be signed at all, these questions and answers still remain open. North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, who succeeded his father Kim Il Sung in 1994, continues to develop Pyongyang's nuclear program, despite the fact that the United States has repeatedly tried to reduce it during negotiations. first tested a nuclear device in 2006, the second attempt occurred in May 2009. In the photo, a North Korean army soldier stands opposite a South Korean army soldier on the border that divides the territory into two Koreas, February 19, 2009.
Pakistan's North West Frontier Province and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas are two of the most tense flashpoints in the world. Located along the border with Afghanistan, these two regions have seen some of the heaviest fighting between Islamists and Pakistani forces since 2001. It is believed that this is where al-Qaeda leaders take refuge. American planes constantly patrol the skies over these territories in search of terrorists and Taliban leaders. The photo shows a Pakistani soldier in front of a burnt oil tanker that was burned by rebels on February 1, 2010.
While the situation in Iraq and Afghanistan worries the entire world community, Pakistan remains a key country in the American fight against terrorism. Under increased pressure from the US, Islamabad has more recently stepped up efforts to remove the Taliban from its borders. While Pakistani troops are enjoying some successes against the Taliban, some instability is emerging among the civilian population. Pictured June 21, 2009, Pakistani refugees at Shah Mansoor camp, Swabi, Pakistan.
This country, located in southeast Africa, has existed without a central government since the 1990s and has not lived peacefully for the same period. After the overthrow of the country's leader Mohamed Siad Barre in January 1992, the rebels split into several rival groups led by different dictators. The United States intervened in the conflict in 1992 with Operation Restore Hope, but in 1994 it withdrew its troops from the country several months after Black Hawk Down. The government of the Organization of Islamic Courts managed to somewhat stabilize the situation in 2006, but this rule did not last long. Fearing the spread of Islamism, the Transitional Federal Government was created in 2007. Most of the country is now under rebel control, while the Transitional Federal Government and President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, the former leader of the Organization of Islamic Courts, control only certain areas. Since 1991, hundreds of thousands of civilians have been killed and more than 1.5 million have become refugees. Pictured are Somali women preparing food in a refugee camp near Mogadishu, November 19, 2007.
Despite the fact that Mexico is now a developing country with a predominantly middle-class population, it has long struggled with drug smuggling and violence. The surge in drug-related deaths has many observers concerned about the future of this country. The number of drug-related deaths since January 2007 has reached 10,000, more than the number of American soldiers. Deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan. Despite efforts by Mexican President Felipe Calderon to crack down on drug traffickers, border cities like Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, which serve as major drug routes, have become hotbeds of violence. The picture shows one of the drug distribution centers of Ciudad Juarez, where 18 people were killed and 5 were injured as a result of a clash between drug traffickers, August 2, 2009.
Indonesia's two easternmost provinces, Papua and West Papua, have been fighting an insurgency to secede since the early 1960s. With the support of the United States, an agreement was signed in 1961 that the Netherlands would cede provinces to Indonesia, but this happened without the consent of the provinces themselves. Today, a low-intensity conflict continues between rebels armed with bows and arrows and Indonesian troops. Papua Free Movement leader Kelly Kwalia was killed last year during a shootout with the Indonesian military. Pictured here are members of the Papua Free Movement speaking to the press on July 21, 2009, denying allegations that they were involved in the 2002 mining attacks.
On December 13, 2003, nine months into the American invasion of Iraq, soldiers captured ousted Iraqi President Saddam Hussein at a compound near Tikrit during Operation Red Dawn. This success was preceded by three years of civil war and chaos, during which American troops were brutally attacked by Iraqi insurgents. Although the US managed to turn the tide of the war in 2007, Iraq continued to suffer from violence and political instability. Pictured is one of the 50,000 American soldiers who remained in control of the situation in Iraq, October 25, 2009.
Since June 2004, the Yemeni government has been in conflict with the Shia resistance "Houthis", named after the deceased leader Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi. Some analysts consider the war to be a covert war between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Saudi Arabia, the center of Sunni power in the region, is clashing with the Yemeni government and even carrying out air strikes and attacks in border areas, while Iran, the center of Shiite power, supports the rebels. Although the Yemeni government and Houthis signed a ceasefire agreement in February 2010, it is too early to say whether this agreement will be respected. Pictured is a group of Houthis rebels driving through the Malahidh region of Yemen, near the border with Saudi Arabia, February 17, 2010.
Uzbekistan was in a long conflict with Islamists who were trying to strengthen the Muslim population. In particular, the instability of the Uzbek authorities convinced the terrorists that they would be able to establish contact with the authorities. As recently as 2005, members of Uzbekistan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and security forces opened fire on a crowd of Muslim protesters in Andijan. The number of people killed ranged from 187 people (according to official figures) to 1,500 (this figure appears in the report of a former Uzbek intelligence officer). The photo shows the Uzbek embassy in London, May 17, 2005, painted with red inscriptions - the consequences of the massacre in Andijan.
Over the past 22 years, fanatical guerrilla Joseph Kony has led the Lord's Resistance Army through the north of the country into the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan. The movement initially sought to overthrow the Ugandan government and establish a Christian theocracy. Nowadays it has descended to robbery and looting. The rebels are known for turning children into slaves and warriors; The rebel army now numbers 3,000. Ceasefire between Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army in 2006-2008. was discussed in Juba, Sudan, but all hopes of peaceful coexistence were dashed after Kony reneged on the agreement in April 2008. The photo shows a woman and her children in front of their destroyed hut in Uganda, September 24, 2007.
The Thai government has long had strained relations with the country's Muslim population, the majority of whom lived in the southern province of Pattani. Tensions peaked in 2004 when Islamists rebelled in Pattani, sparking a full-blown separatist uprising. Bangkok demanded that the situation in the troubled region be immediately stabilized. Meanwhile, the death toll continued to rise, with more than 3,000 civilians killed as of March 2008. Pictured here are Thai soldiers examining the body of a suspected insurgent who was killed in a firefight on February 15, 2010.
The Ogaden Liberation Front is a group of ethnic Somalis from Ethiopia that has been fighting for the independence of the Ogaden since 1984. This independence, in their opinion, should inevitably lead to unification with Somalia. Having failed to achieve this result, Ethiopia cracked down on the Ogaden. Some believe that the 2006 invasion of Somalia was a pre-emptive maneuver to dissuade the Somali Islamist government from going to war over Somalia even more stubbornly. The picture shows a boy tending cattle in a rural nomadic area, January 17, 2008.
Auto: Belonogova E.V., teacher of history and social studies of the highest qualification category
06.02.2015
Political information “Hot spots of the planet”
Form:"A Journey through the Political Map of the World" .
Date: 02/06/2015
Participants: students of grades 7-9, class teachers.
Responsible: teacher-coordinator, history and social studies teacher E.V. Belonogova, group of 8th grade students.
Purpose: show the influence of international organizations on the resolution of military-political, economic and territorial conflicts.
Objectives of the event: continue to develop key competencies for a group of political informants such as:
work with test and cartographic material;
assessment of the political and geographical situation in the region based on Internet information;
ability to lead a discussion;
translation of theoretical information into cartographic information;
ability to draw conclusions.
Methods:
Working with a political map of the world and a globe;
Formulating problematic questions and searching for answers to them
Rules for preparing water information hour according to the political map of the world:
The political information hour should be relevant and the information that the guys discuss should have social significance.
The information prepared by the class teacher and students should be interesting to everyone. The teacher can talk to the students in advance. To discuss their performances.
The information in the review must be unbiased. Students should not express their political affiliations or those of their family.
The political information hour should contribute to the formation value orientation personality.
The political information hour should teach skills of working with sources of knowledge. It can and should develop the intellectual skills of students (the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, and draw their own independent conclusions).
The political information hour decides the following tasks:
Develop the information, civic, moral and legal culture of students;
Build social and political maturity;
Broaden horizons, develop independent judgments of students;
Develop the ability to adequately assess the socio-political phenomena of our time;
Consciously participate in the social and cultural life of the school, village, district, city, country;
To develop the ability to adequately assess the socio-political phenomena of our time, to form positive attitude to them;
Provide answers to questions that concern students, develop independent judgment;
To help students correctly navigate the flow of events, to reveal the meaning of events in the country and abroad using specific examples.
The role of political information hours in the formation of communicative competence:
enrich speech practice;
form the ability for collective interaction, the ability to conduct dialogue, and enter into discussion.
contribute to the formation of one’s own position and the ability to defend it in a civilized way.
Progress.
1 slide.Curator's opening remarks
Today, global wars are a thing of the past: even the latest studies say that in the third millennium, significantly fewer people die during armed conflicts. But, despite this, the unstable situation remains in many regions, and hot spots continue to appear on the map every now and then. Today we will present to your attention ten of the most significant armed conflicts and military crises that threaten the world right now.
2 slide.
Organizing the discussion “Is a peaceful life on the planet possible?”
Identification of the causes that generate hot spots.
War has accompanied humanity throughout the history of its existence. Twice during the 20th century, bloody madness literally captured the whole world - these events were called world wars. At the end of World War II, it seemed that politicians had found a way to end armed conflicts once and for all, but this opinion turned out to be wrong. The scale has changed, the form of confrontation has undergone a transformation, but the war itself has not disappeared. To this day, pockets of tension or so-called “hot spots” continue to exist in the world.
3 slide.Participants
Government troops, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), scattered Sunni groups, autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan.
The essence of the conflict
The terrorist organization ISIS wants to build a caliphate - an Islamic theocratic state - on part of the territories of Iraq and Syria, and so far the authorities have not been able to successfully resist the militants. The Iraqi Kurds took advantage of the ISIS offensive - they unhinderedly captured several large oil-producing regions and are planning to secede from Iraq.
Current situation
The ISIS caliphate already extends from the Syrian city of Aleppo to the areas bordering Baghdad. So far, government troops have managed to recapture only a few large cities - Tikrit and Uja. The autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has freely taken control of several large oil-producing areas and is planning to hold a referendum on independence in the near future.
4 slide.
Participants
Israel Defense Forces, Hamas, Fatah, Gaza Strip civilians.
The essence of the conflict
Israel launched Operation Unbreakable Wall to destroy the infrastructure of the Hamas terrorist movement and other terrorist organizations in the Gaza Strip region. The immediate cause was the increased frequency of rocket attacks on Israeli territories and the kidnapping of three Jewish teenagers.
Current situation
On July 17, the ground phase of the operation began after Hamas militants violated a five-hour truce to organize humanitarian corridors. According to the UN, by the time the temporary truce was concluded, there were already more than 200 civilian deaths. The Palestinian President's Fatah party has already stated that their people will “repel Israeli aggression in the Gaza Strip.”
5 slide.
Participants
Syrian Armed Forces, National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, Syrian Kurdistan, Al-Qaeda, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Islamic Front, Ahrar al-Sham, Al-Nusra Front and others.
The essence of the conflict
The war in Syria began after a brutal crackdown on anti-government demonstrations that began in the region in the wake of the Arab Spring. The armed confrontation between the army of Bashar al-Assad and the moderate opposition escalated into a civil war that affected the entire country - now in Syria about 1,500 different rebel groups with a total number of 75 to 115 thousand people have joined the conflict. The most powerful armed groups are radical Islamists.
Current situation
Today, most of the country is controlled by the Syrian army, but the northern regions of Syria are captured by ISIS. Assad's forces are attacking moderate opposition forces in Aleppo, near Damascus the confrontation between ISIS terrorists and militants of the Islamic Front has intensified, and in the north of the country the Kurds are also resisting ISIS.
6 slide.
Participants
Armed Forces of Ukraine, National Guard of Ukraine, Security Service of Ukraine, militias of the Donetsk People's Republic, militias of the Lugansk People's Republic, "Russian Orthodox Army", Russian volunteers and others.
The essence of the conflict
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia and the change of power in Kyiv in the South-East of Ukraine in April of this year, the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics were proclaimed by pro-Russian armed groups. The Ukrainian government and newly elected President Poroshenko launched a military operation against the separatists.
Current situation
On July 17, a Malaysian airliner crashed over separatist-controlled territories. Kyiv blamed the deaths of 298 people on fighters of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic - the Ukrainian authorities are convinced that the separatists have air defense systems that were transferred to them by the Russian side. The DPR denies any involvement in the plane crash. However, the separatists have already shot down planes before, although not at such a height and with the help of man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Slide 7
Participants
Government troops, Boko Haram.
The essence of the conflict
Since 2002, the radical Islamist sect Boko Haram has been operating in Nigeria, which advocates the introduction of Sharia law throughout the country, while only part of the state is inhabited by Muslims. Over the past five years, Boko Haram followers have armed themselves and now regularly carry out terrorist attacks, kidnappings and mass executions. The victims of terrorists are Christians and secular Muslims. The country's leadership has failed negotiations with Boko Haram and is not yet able to suppress the group, which already controls entire regions.
Current situation
Some Nigerian states have been under a state of emergency for a year now. On July 17, the President of Nigeria asked for financial assistance from the international community: the country's army had too outdated and few weapons to fight terrorists. Since April this year, Boko Haram has been holding hostage over 250 schoolgirls who were kidnapped for ransom or sale into slavery.
8 slide.
Participants
Dinka Tribal Union, Nuer Tribal Union, UN Peacekeeping Forces, Uganda.
The essence of the conflict
At the height of the political crisis in December 2013, the president of South Sudan announced that his former ally and vice president had attempted to stage a military coup in the country. Mass arrests and riots began, which subsequently escalated into violent armed clashes between two tribal unions: the country’s president belongs to the Nuer, which dominates politics and the population, and the disgraced vice-president and his supporters belong to the Dinka, the second largest ethnic group in the state.
Current situation
The rebels control the main oil-producing areas - the basis of South Sudan's economy. The UN sent a peacekeeping contingent to the epicenter of the conflict to protect civilians: more than 10 thousand people were killed in the country, and 700 thousand became forced refugees. In May, the warring parties began negotiations for a truce, but the former vice president and rebel leader admitted that he could not completely control the rebels. Resolving the conflict is complicated by the presence of troops from neighboring Uganda in the country, who are on the side of the government forces of South Sudan.
Slide 9
Participants
More than 10 drug cartels, government troops, police, self-defense units.
The essence of the conflict
For several decades, there was hostility between drug cartels in Mexico, but the corrupt government tried not to interfere in the struggle between groups for drug traffic. That changed when newly elected President Felipe Calderon sent regular army troops into one of the states in 2006 to restore order there.
The confrontation escalated into a war between the combined police and army forces against dozens of drug cartels across the country.
Current situation
Over the years of conflict, drug cartels in Mexico have turned into real corporations - now they control and divide among themselves the market for sex services, counterfeit goods, weapons, and software. The cartel war over drug traffic has become secondary; now they are fighting among themselves for control of communications. Government forces are losing in this war primarily due to widespread corruption and the massive defection of the armed forces to the side of the drug cartels. In some especially crime-prone regions, the population has formed a people's militia because they do not trust the local police.
10 slide.
Participants
Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan.
The essence of the conflict
The tense situation in the region is maintained by Afghanistan, which has been unstable for decades, on the one hand, and Uzbekistan, which is entering into territorial disputes, on the other. The main drug traffic in the Eastern Hemisphere also passes through these countries - a powerful source of regular armed clashes between criminal groups.
Current situation
After the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and the presidential elections, another crisis erupted in the country. The Taliban movement launched a large-scale attack on Kabul, while participants in the election race refused to recognize the results of the presidential election.
An armed conflict between border services began on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. There is still no agreement between the countries on a clear demarcation of borders. Uzbekistan also presented its territorial claims to neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan - the country's authorities are not satisfied with the borders that were formed as a result of the collapse of the USSR. A few weeks ago, the next stage of negotiations began to resolve the conflict, which since 2012 could at any time turn into an armed one.
11 slide.
Participants
China, Vietnam, Japan, Philippines.
The essence of the conflict
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the situation in the region deteriorated again - China again started talking about territorial claims to Vietnam. The disputes concern the small but strategically important Paracel Islands and the Spratly Archipelago. The conflict is exacerbated by the militarization of Japan. Tokyo decided to revise its peace constitution, begin militarization and increase its military presence in the Senkaku Archipelago, which is also claimed by the PRC.
Current situation
China has completed development of oil fields near disputed islands that have sparked protests from Vietnam. The Philippines sent its military to support Vietnam and carried out an action that angered Beijing - the troops of the two countries played a demonstrative football game in the Spratly archipelago. There are still Chinese warships a short distance from the Paracel Islands. Among other things, Hanoi claims that the Chinese have already deliberately sunk one Vietnamese fishing boat and damaged 24 others. However, at the same time, China and the Philippines oppose Japan's policy of militarization.
12 slide.
Participants
France, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea and other neighboring countries.
The essence of the conflict
In 2012, the Sahel region experienced its largest humanitarian crisis: the negative impact of the crisis in Mali coincided with severe food shortages. During the civil war, most Tuaregs from Libya emigrated to northern Mali. There they proclaimed the independent state of Azawad. In 2013, the Malian military accused the president of failing to deal with the separatists and staged a military coup. At the same time, France sent its troops into Mali to fight the Tuaregs and the radical Islamists who joined them from neighboring countries. The Sahel is home to the largest markets for arms, slaves, drugs on the African continent, and the main hideouts for dozens of terrorist organizations.
Current situation
The UN estimates that more than 11 million people in the Sahel region are currently hungry. And in the near future this number may increase to 18 million. In Mali, clashes between government troops and the French army against Tuareg guerrilla groups and radical Islamists continue, despite the fall of the self-proclaimed state of Azawad. And this only increases the instability and humanitarian crisis.
Slide 13
Conclusions.
A state acting alone or together with a few friendly countries is unlikely to have the most balanced and objective assessments of what is happening in order to resolve the consequences of the conflict.
Unilateral intervention makes it difficult to distribute responsibility (as evidenced by the gradual erosion of even the limited coalition that supported the United States in Iraq).
Any future military actions that go beyond the rather strict and traditional definition of “self-defense” should only be carried out subject to an internationally agreed mandate from the UN.
It is important that at the current moment in world history, such principles are developed and accepted by all leading states of the world, since the number of states with excess military power to carry out interventions is growing and will continue to increase - along with an increase in the number of possible pretexts for intervention as States are faced with an expansion of possible threats to their vital interests.
Reading the poem to students “We all start our morning with the news” by T. Pavlenko
“We all start our morning with news” T. Pavlenko
We all start our morning with the news,
I really want to see shots without passion.
Everything is in red, but not in idle color
They show something terrible in the world.
ABOUT! People of the world, we have a moment allotted to us,
So, what are you doing, blackening the face.
What an obsession of harmful ideas,
Leads you to a lot of deaths.
We are different, we got our minds by lot -
One was stronger, the other turned out to be weaker.
Leading through life, a call to you,
Cleverly extinguish the epidemic impulse.
An explosion of thoughts fills our airwaves,
I really want to end this feast.
Like a stream of water without banks,
Powerful word debates fly.
Curb your ardor and don't wake the beast,
A huge loss may await us.
The earth is already raging from the core,
So let's treat her lovingly.
Everything on the planet is under our control,
We all have children.
So think about what we will leave them,
What kind of faces will we become in front of them?
It's not too late, don't tear the threads to peace,
Men of the planet! To you - I turn this lyre!
A form of conducting multi-information hours related to international events on a specific topic: economic, cultural, political, sports. The presenters show good knowledge of the political map of the world and the global situation, and fluency in terminology.
The most terrible periods in the history of mankind are world wars, which entailed huge losses of human lives. The last such war died down in 1945, but local armed conflicts still break out in the world, due to which certain regions turn into hot spots - places of confrontation with the use of firearms.
Iraq
There are as many as 11 hot spots in Asia. Separatism, terrorism, civil war, interethnic and interreligious conflicts have led to the fact that a number of countries have armed conflicts on their territory. Among them:
But the fiercest fighting is taking place in Iraq, a hotspot where terrorism is rampant. Government troops are trying to confront the notorious organization IS (formerly ISIS), which intends to create an Islamic theocratic state in the country. The terrorists have already included a number of cities in the caliphate, of which the government managed to recapture only two. The situation is complicated by the fact that at the same time, disparate Sunni groups, as well as Kurds, are operating, seizing large regions with the goal of separating from the country and creating autonomy for Iraqi Kurdistan.
IS controls not only Iraq, but also parts of Syria, which has practically freed itself from the influence of the group, as well as small captured territories of Afghanistan, Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Nigeria, Somalia and Congo. They claim responsibility for a range of terrorist attacks, from an artillery bombing in 2007 to an attack on police and a supermarket hostage-taking in Trebe in March 2018.
In addition, militants do not hesitate to kill civilians, capture military personnel, destroy culture, human trafficking and the use of chemical weapons.
Gaza Strip
The list of hot spots in the world continues with the Middle East, where Israel, Lebanon and the Palestinian territories are located. The civilian population of the Gaza Strip is under the yoke of the terrorist organizations Hamas and Fatah, whose infrastructure the defense army is trying to destroy. This hot spot in the world has seen rocket attacks and child abductions.
The reason for this is the Arab-Israeli conflict, which involves Arab factions and the Zionist movement. It all started with the founding of Israel, which captured several regions in the Six-Day War, among them the Gaza Strip. Subsequently, the League of Arab States offered to resolve the conflict peacefully if the occupied territories were liberated, but an official response was never received.
Meanwhile, the Palestinian Islamist movement began to rule in the Gaza Strip. Military operations were regularly carried out against him, the most notorious of the latter being called “Unbreakable Rock”. It was provoked by a terrorist attack involving the kidnapping and murder of three Jewish teenagers, two of whom were 16 and one 19 years old. The terrorists responsible for this resisted arrest and were killed.
Currently, Israel is conducting operations to counter terrorists, but militants often violate the terms of the truce and do not allow humanitarian aid to be provided. The civilian population is heavily involved in the conflict.
Syria
Another one of the hottest spots in the world is Syria. Its residents, along with Iran, suffer from the seizure of territories by IS militants, and at the same time, the Arab-Israeli conflict is active in it.
Syria, along with Egypt and Jordan, was at enmity with Israel immediately after its creation. “Guerrilla wars” took place, attacks were carried out on holy days, and all proposals for peace negotiations were rejected. Now there is a “ceasefire line” between the warring states, instead of an official border, and the confrontation continues to be acute.
In addition to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the situation inside the country is also turbulent. It all started with the suppression of anti-government uprisings, which developed into a civil war. About 100 thousand people participate in it as part of various groups. The armed forces are confronted by a huge number of opposition groups, of which radical Islamists are the most powerful.
In this hot spot of the world, the army currently controls most of the territory, but the northern regions are part of the caliphate founded by the terrorist organization ISIS. The Syrian President authorizes attacks on the city of Aleppo, controlled by militants. But the struggle is not only between the state and the opposition; many groups are at enmity with each other. Thus, the “Islamist Front” and Syrian Kurdistan are actively opposing IS.
East of Ukraine
The CIS countries did not escape the sad fate. The aspirations of individual territories for autonomy, interethnic conflicts, terrorist attacks, and the threat of civil war endanger the lives of civilians. Hot spots in Russia include:
- Dagestan;
- Ingushetia;
- Kabardino-Balkaria;
- North Ossetia.
The most fierce battles took place in Chechnya. The war in this republic claimed many human lives, destroyed the infrastructure of the subject, and led to brutal acts of terrorism. Fortunately, the conflict has now been resolved. Neither in the Chechen Republic nor in other regions are there armed uprisings, so we can say that at the moment there are no hot spots in Russia. But the situation still cannot be considered stable.
Conflicts also arise in the following countries:
- Moldova;
- Azerbaijan;
- Kyrgyzstan;
- Tajikistan.
The hottest spot is considered to be the East of Ukraine. Dissatisfaction with the rule of President Yanukovych in 2010-2013 led to numerous protests. The change of power in Kyiv, the annexation of Crimea to Russia, which Ukraine perceived as occupation, and the formation of new people's republics - Donetsk and Lugansk - led to open confrontation with the use of firearms. Military operations are constantly carried out against militias. The Armed Forces, the National Guard, the Security Service, the Russian Orthodox Army, Russian volunteers and other parties are taking part in the conflict. Air defense systems and anti-aircraft missile systems are being used, ceasefire agreements are being violated, and thousands of people are dying.
From time to time, the armed forces manage to recapture individual cities from the separatists, for example, the latest success was Slavyansk, Kramatorsk, Druzhkovka, Konstantinovka.
Central Asia
The geography of the world's hot spots affects a number of Central Asian countries, some of which belong to the CIS. The places of armed conflicts are Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan (South Asia). But the leader among these countries is Afghanistan, in which the Taliban regularly carries out explosions as terrorist acts. In addition, the Taliban shoot children. The reason could be anything: from a child studying English language before accusing a seven-year-old boy of espionage. It is common to kill children as revenge against their uncooperative parents.
Meanwhile, Uzbekistan is bitterly contesting the territorial borders with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan formed after the collapse of the USSR. When forming the union, the ethnic and socio-economic nuances of the territories were indeed not taken into account, but then the borders were internal, and troubles were avoided. Now disagreement with the division of territory threatens armed conflict.
Nigeria
The record holder for the number of hot spots on the planet is Africa. In addition to terrorism and separatism, it is an area of the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict, and is also plagued by piracy, civil wars and liberation wars. This affected a number of countries, including:
- Algeria;
- Sudan;
- Eritrea;
- Somalia;
- Morocco;
- Liberia;
- Congo;
- Rwanda;
- Burundi;
- Mozambique;
- Angola.
In Nigeria, meanwhile, ethnic conflict flares up every now and then. The Boko Haram sect is fighting to transform the state into a Muslim one, while a significant part of the population professes Christianity. The organization managed to arm itself, and it does not disdain any means to achieve its goal: terrorist actions are carried out, mass executions are carried out, people are kidnapped. Not only adherents of other religions suffer from them, but also secular-minded Muslims.
Entire regions are under the control of Boko Haram, government troops equipped with outdated weapons are unable to suppress the rebels, and negotiations are not yielding a positive result. As a result, a state of emergency has been declared in some states, and the president is asking for financial assistance from other countries. Among the sect's latest high-profile crimes is the kidnapping of 2014, when 276 schoolgirls were taken hostage to be sold into slavery, most of them remain in captivity.
South Sudan
Sudan in Africa is also considered a hot spot in the world. The political crisis that arose in the country led to attempts at a military coup by the vice president belonging to the Nuer tribal union. The president announced that the uprising had been successfully suppressed, but later began to reshuffle the leadership and removed almost all representatives of the Nuer union from it. There was another uprising, followed by mass arrests by Dinka supporters of the incumbent president. The riots escalated into armed clashes. The initially stronger Dinka alliance lost control of the oil-producing areas to the rebels. The state's economy inevitably suffered from this.
As a result of the conflicts, more than 10 thousand people died, 700 thousand became refugees. The UN condemned the actions of not only the rebels, but also the government, since both sides resorted to torture, violence and brutal killings of representatives of the other tribe. To protect civilians, UN peacekeeping forces sent assistance, but the situation cannot yet be resolved. The troops of Uganda, located nearby, are on the side of the official government. The rebel leader has expressed a willingness to negotiate, but the situation is complicated by the fact that many of the rebels have escaped the control of the former vice president.
Sahel region
The people of the tropical savanna of the Sahel, unfortunately, are accustomed to starvation. Back in the 20th century, there were large-scale droughts, due to which the population was severely short of food. But the terrible situation has repeated itself now; statistics say that 11 million people are starving in the region. Now this is due to the humanitarian crisis that has erupted in Mali. The northeastern part of the republic was captured by Islamists, who founded the self-proclaimed state of Azawad on its territory.
The president was unable to correct the situation, and a military coup was carried out in Mali. Tuaregs and radical Islamists who have joined them operate on the territory of the state. The French army is helping government troops.
Mexico
IN North America The hot spot is Mexico, where herbal and synthetic drugs are not only produced, but sold and supplied to other countries in huge volumes. There are huge drug cartels with a forty-year history that began with the resale of prohibited substances and are now producing them themselves. They mainly deal in opium, heroin, cannabis, cocaine and methamphetamine. At the same time, corrupt government structures assist them in this.
At first, conflicts arose only between warring drug cartels, but the new president of Mexico decided to correct the situation and stop illegal production. Police and army forces have been involved in the standoff, but the government has so far failed to make significant improvements.
Cartels that have developed under the guise of government agencies are well-connected; they have their people among the top leadership, buy up the armed forces, and hire public relations agents in order to influence popular opinion. As a result, self-defense units were formed in various states of the state that did not trust the police.
Their sphere of influence extends not only to the drug business, but also to prostitution, counterfeit products, arms trafficking and even software.
Corsica
Hot spots in Europe are represented by several countries, including Serbia, Macedonia and Spain. Corsican separatism also causes a lot of trouble. The organization, operating in the south of France, fights for independence and recognition of the political independence of the island. According to the demands of the rebels, the inhabitants should be called the people of Corsica, and not the French.
Corsica is considered a special economic zone, but has never achieved complete independence. But the rebels do not give up trying to achieve what they want and carry out active terrorist activities. Most often their victims are foreigners. The National Liberation Front is financed through smuggling, robbery, and drug trafficking. France is trying to resolve the conflict through compromises and concessions.
These 10 hot spots in the world are still a threat today. But besides them, there are many other regions where the lives of the population are in danger. For example, the constantly flaring conflict in Turkey between the capital and the military political party, dating back to 2015, and periodic terrorist attacks in Istanbul are dangerous for the indigenous population and tourists. This also includes the humanitarian disaster in Yemen, the political crisis in the Republic of Congo, and the armed conflict in Myanmar.
Short periods of calm at these points are followed by even more violent clashes. The worst thing is that in this confrontation, civilians are dying, people are being deprived of their homes and a quiet life, and are turning into refugees. However, hopes for resolving conflicts remain, because the military forces of many countries are dedicated to this.