Closed tray for cats. How to make a stand for papers, magazines and newspapers from cardboard with your own hands Video “How to train a dog to use the indoor toilet?”

04 September 2013 1

There is a catastrophic lack of space on the desktop; one storage box is somehow not enough for my papers. And like a first-grader, I have colored paper, PVA glue, scissors, and sheets of felt - and everything needs to be put somewhere. And I decided to make a box or tray for storing papers myself. It is done quickly - cut it out of cardboard and glue it together. However, first things first.

What you need to make a cardboard box with your own hands

  • Cardboard (I have thick corrugated cardboard from a packaging box)
  • Super glue
  • Pencil
  • Ruler
  • Masking tape
  • Scissors
  • Glue stick
  • Stationery knife
  • Napkins (for pasting our beauty)

You will need a lot of space to cut out a full-fledged box for storing A4 papers - I freed up the table in the kitchen for this.

We start with the pattern. We mark the future box using a pencil and ruler.


You can make a whole box and then fold and glue it, but even my huge piece of cardboard was not enough for this, so I still cut out the front wall separately.

Using a ruler and pencil we make a pattern. I used a box I already had as a basis. The dimensions turned out to be:

1) Bottom: 27x10 cm

2) Sidewall: height - 30 cm, depth 27 cm

3) Front wall: 10x15 (10 cm corresponds to the width of the bottom, and the height can be varied as you like).

Cut it out. You can cut it with scissors, but thick cardboard is much more convenient to cut with a stationery knife. We also use a sharp blade of scissors to draw out the fold lines of the future box.


Cut out the front wall.


Fold the box along the fold lines.


All that remains is to glue it together. I didn’t know how to glue cardboard well (I had PVA, a glue stick and superglue), so I used superglue for reliability - it holds tightly.


For the second box, I made the front wall a little lower. And I cut this box out of double corrugated cardboard - I suffered wildly. Such thick cardboard is not needed for storing papers, but cutting it out is oh so hard


All that remains is to cover the box with napkins.



Iron the folds of the napkins.



To cover the outside of one box, you will need 3 napkins 30x30 cm - one for each side, and from the thirds we cut out three strips (on back wall, bottom and front wall).

Building codes require that volumetric concrete structures poured simultaneously, preferably during daylight hours. One of the components of the rapid pouring of a structure is a concrete tray, which you can quickly and easily make with your own hands.

Concrete tray: where to start assembling?

Volumetric concrete works involve the use of the following machines and equipment: a truck mixer with ready-made concrete or a concrete mixer, a concrete pump or a tray for supplying concrete to the pouring area.

At the same time, a car mixer or a concrete mixer are “constant” quantities, that is, equipment that you cannot do without. An expensive concrete pump to rent (rental costs start from 14,500 rubles per shift) is usually replaced with a disposable wooden tray (in private housing construction), which can be disassembled and the boards used for other purposes.

Materials, tools, procedure

The dimensions of the future product are taken based on the specific distances from the planned installation of the mixer or concrete mixer to the farthest point of the structure being poured.

In private low-rise housing construction, the length of the tray usually does not exceed 12 meters. The width of the tray is taken to be the “width” of a shovel plus 5 centimeters per side (usually 300 millimeters), the height of the wall is the width of the existing edged boards 150-200 millimeters.

The following materials and tools will be required:

  • Edged board 25x150 or 25x200 of the maximum possible length for the tray box;
  • Wooden block 40x40 or similar to strengthen the box;
  • Wooden block 50x50 or similar for supports under the box;
  • Galvanized or roofing iron for lining the bottom of the box;
  • “Seventy”, “25”, “weaving” nails or wood screws;
  • Hammer, wood saw, screwdriver, tape measure;
  • Angle grinder with a metal disc or metal scissors. For cutting galvanized or roofing iron.

In order to save on expensive galvanized iron, you can independently plan the side of the boards along which the concrete will be transported as smoothly as possible. For these purposes you will need a plane or jointer.

Important! Some websites publish articles that suggest covering the bottom of the box with polyethylene or linoleum. This suggests that the authors have never made or used trays for concrete - polyethylene will very quickly be torn apart by filler and a shovel, and buying linoleum will be much more expensive than using iron or simply planing one side of the board.

Operating procedure

  • Depending on the width of the existing boards, the bottom of the tray box is assembled - 4 (150 mm) or 3 (200 mm) boards in a row are connected into an “end” with an overlay from the same board nailed to the underside of the bottom of the box. For strength and reliability, also on the bottom side of the box with a step of 600-800 mm to the bottom of the box, reinforcing bars 40x40 mm are nailed across;
  • The walls of the tray are nailed to the sides of the bottom of the box, and best of all, the walls of the tray are screwed with self-tapping screws, so as to form a U-shaped structure;
  • The bottom of the tray is covered with galvanized (roofing) iron, or is not covered if the boards are carefully planed;
  • For reliability and strength, the walls of the tray are “bandaged” with 40x40 bars in increments of 0.8-1 meter.

The concrete transport tray itself can be considered ready for use. But there is one caveat. In order for the material to move into the formwork from an automixer or concrete mixer as independently as possible, it must have a slope to the soil surface of 5-15 degrees (for “liquid” concrete) and 20-30 degrees (for thick concrete).

In addition, the concrete tray should not bend under its own weight and the weight of the concrete. This can be achieved in several ways: pin up available materials under the tray (foam blocks, boxes, bricks, etc.) or spend a little time and knock down special triangular trestle supports of different heights from 50x50 mm timber and lay the tray on them as if on a bed.

Also, for the convenience of “turning”, it is advisable to provide two handles in the part of the structure facing the formwork - a 50x50x1000 block nailed to the bottom of the tray, 250-300 mm away from the edge.

Useful practical advice! After you have poured the structure furthest from the mixer, you can cut off part of the tray with a hacksaw and grinder, break the handle for “turning” and continue working without moving the automixer or concrete mixer.

After completion of the work, the tray is disassembled into components that can be used for other construction or repair purposes.

Considering that some companies charge an additional fee for the downtime of an automixer, to speed up the work of delivering concrete to the formwork, use two workers with shovels, which will stand on both sides of the tray and push the concrete with shovels to the pouring point.

Man has been friends with cats for a long time. We are responsible for what our pet eats and in what conditions he lives, so cat litter is an important thing to do in your pet’s life. Having made a cat into a pet, people began to wonder how to make living together on the same territory comfortable for both parties.

The modern market for pet products offers different types: from the simplest in design to automatic complexes

The problem of choosing cat litter is especially acute for everyone who keeps a pet. And the question of how to choose a toilet for a cat is a very sensitive one, because when choosing, you need to be guided not only by the requirements of the owner, but also take into account the preferences of the pet itself. Let's try to figure out what the ideal cat potty is.

The modern market for pet products offers different types: from the simplest in design to automatic complexes. Cat litter can be purchased at both low and high prices. So every owner can choose an option that suits both his beloved animal and himself. If for some reason you are not satisfied with the variety of trays that stores offer us, you can make a cat tray with your own hands.

So there are the following types cat litter boxes:

  • ordinary;
  • with mesh;
  • with high sides;
  • closed tray or house tray;
  • auto.

The problem of choosing cat litter is especially acute for everyone who keeps a pet.

Open options

One of the most popular and widespread, as well as cheapest types of cat litter is a regular litter box. It's rectangular plastic container with low sides, into which filler is added. The advantages of such a device include its low cost, it is easy to wash and change the filling in it, and it is easy for a cat to climb into it. There is a drawback: the contents may end up outside when the pet starts burying its feces.

A mesh tray is a modification of a regular tray. A mesh is attached to a regular cat litter box, which allows the animal's liquid feces to drain out, while leaving the paws dry. This option is selected for pets who do not like the filler. Pros: low cost, pet does not get dirty, easy to remove contents and wash, can be used without filler. Cons: does not eliminate unpleasant odors, requires cleaning after each cat’s use of the toilet.

Both of these options are easy to place in an apartment or house, as they are quite compact.

A tray with high sides is suitable for cats who like to dig into their litter. This tray is equipped with an additional side, which makes the walls higher. This side can be used as a holding device for the film that covers the tray. After the animal uses the toilet, the rim is removed and the film and contents are thrown away. One of the advantages is that such a pot is easy to clean; it prevents the filler from spilling out. When using such a toilet, you need to decide how to hide it from prying eyes, since it is much larger in size than a regular tray.

Automatic cat litter (video)

Tray house and automatic tray

An enclosed cat toilet is a two-tier structure, in the lower part of which there is a fixed tray, and in the upper part there is a door and vent. The door opening can remain open or closed, it all depends on the wishes of the owner and the skills of the pet. The cat box is ideal for families with small children or other animals. A toilet hidden inside the structure allows the pet owner not to worry about the fact that someone will dig into the litter and contents, except for the pet itself. Pros: holds well bad smell, the cat will not relieve itself by, the filler will remain in its original place and will not be scattered on the floor, ideal for timid animals. Cons: quite high cost, you have to disassemble the structure when cleaning the toilet of the cat house.

Cat litter can be purchased at both low and high prices.

An automatic tray is a complex that cleans itself and adds filler, and has an aesthetic appearance. It is equipped with filters that eliminate unpleasant odors. The system is notified that the contents need to be cleaned by a special sensor that cleans only in the absence of the animal. After the cat has gone to the toilet, the used litter is thrown into a special bag by conveyor, and clean litter is poured in its place. Pros: eliminates unpleasant odors, self-cleaning allows the owner not to worry about cleaning, this complex independently disinfects the tray. The disadvantages include the high cost and the need to periodically replace filters that eliminate odors.

Each cat has its own litter box

Before deciding how to choose a tray for a cat, you need to study the habits of your pet and find out its habits. Otherwise, a situation may arise when the purchased potty turns out to be unsuitable for your pet.

Some cats cannot go to the toilet in front of strangers: they look for secluded places away from human eyes, where they quietly do their business. Other cats are not bothered by the presence of a person while visiting the restroom. Considering this, think about which cat toilet to choose - closed or regular.

Some cats like to keep their litter box clean and will only relieve themselves in a clean litter box. And others may not like it if the filler has already been used a couple of times. There are animals that do not like litter, while others, on the contrary, enjoy digging into the contents of the tray. This is where an indoor cat litter box comes to your rescue. These points need to be taken into account when it comes time to choose the appropriate device.

Please note that when there are several pets in the house, having individual potties for each is almost mandatory, since most animals do not like to share their nook with someone else.

Indoor toilet for cats (video)

Training your pet to use the litter box

Teaching a cat to relieve itself in a certain place may seem like hard work from the outside. It's actually quite simple. You just have to be patient, be calm and not shout, much less poke your pet’s nose into its feces. Quite quickly you can accustom a kitten to the litter box, since it has not yet formed habits.

You should start by choosing the place where you plan to put the toilet. A hidden tray will cause you problems, since your pet may not have time to reach it while searching. It has been observed that small kittens run to the toilet almost immediately after eating, so it makes sense to first place the potty near the place where your pet eats, gradually moving the container.

If you already have items that your cat has marked, then you should place this item in the tray, as it will be easier for the animal to navigate by its own scent.

Place the kitten in the litter box several times every day as soon as you notice that he is about to relieve himself. After a few successful attempts, the kitten will remember where to go, and this will become his habit.

Attention, TODAY only!

Hello everyone! Today I will show you and tell you how to make a tray from a simple box. I already have a similar master class, you can watch it. In my opinion, such a DIY paper stand is very convenient for those who work with documents or simply who like to read newspaper magazines.

Unlike the horizontal holder, the vertical one saves a lot of space and is quite compact. Often this kind of organizer can be seen in offices, on desktops. Trays are mainly made of plastic and wood. In some store I even saw wicker ones made from wicker, but they are more suitable for home use for magazines and books.

By the way, they will be very convenient for schoolchildren to store colored paper, sketchbooks, notebooks and much more.

The good thing about my version of a document stand is that it is very easy to make. So, let's begin….

DIY paper stand

We will need:

  • Cardboard box from breakfast cereals or porridge. The denser it is, the better. I don’t recommend taking one that is too thin and soft. In this case, it will need to be strengthened on the sides with additional sheets of cardboard for density.
  • Scissors or utility knife.
  • Pencil.
  • Ruler.
  • Self-adhesive film. Still suitable wrapping paper, but in addition to it you will need glue or double-sided tape.

First of all, cut off the top of the box so that nothing sticks out. On one edge, from the bottom, measure 11-12 centimeters. Connect this point and the top one on the opposite edge with a line. You should get a bevel like in the picture.

Roll out the roll of self-adhesive and place the blank on top. The figure shows that you need to measure the height of the box and add centimeters at the bottom equal to the width of the bottom + 2 or 3 cm. Bend 4 centimeters of paper and place the blank straight. Carefully glue it around the circle.

Fold the bottom first from the ends and then from the wide part. Cut off the upper protruding part of the film using scissors or stationery knife. Press all edges well so that it sticks tightly to the tray.

That's basically it. If desired, the product can be decorated with various decors, for example, ribbons, wooden figures or thick colored paper.

If you liked the master class, be sure to share it with your friends on social media. networks, and also subscribe to new blog articles.

I wish everyone creative inspiration and good luck! Kiss! Bye!

A dog in the house is always joy and pleasure from communication. Your four-legged pet will cheer you up, cheer you up and listen attentively. However, there are some things to consider when you decide to bring a dog into your home.

For example, training a dog to use a tray.

What is a dog litter box?

This perfect solution problems. Of course, in order for your dog to get used to the new tray, you will need nerves of iron, Olympian calm and hellish patience! Of course, there are pets that can understand their owner at a glance. And there are those with which the owner will have to spend a lot of time to achieve the desired result. The tray is galvanized or plastic pallet, in which a rubber mat or grill is located inside.

There are also trays with high sides and a special slot for the pet to enter. For male dogs there is a special tray in which a special post is installed.

What dogs go to the litter box?

Usually a tray for small breed dogs is installed in the house. Dogs that use the litter box:

  • Chihuahua
  • Yorkshire Terrier
  • Pomeranian and dwarf spitz
  • Chinese Crested, etc.

How to train a dog to use a litter box?

First you need to purchase a toilet from a pet store. When you choose it, be guided by the size of your dog (focus on the size of an adult dog). Don't buy a small litter box; dogs don't like to relieve themselves in cramped conditions. It is best that the tray does not have high sides, and that its grid is level and tight, because... if the grate dangles, it may scare away your pet. The cat litter box is not suitable for dogs in all respects. Although sometimes owners manage to train their dog to use the cat litter box.

There are two types of tray:

  • With diaper clip
  • With grill without using a diaper

If someone in your family suffers from allergies or you are away from home for a long time, then choose a tray with a diaper, because... It absorbs liquid and odor well and prevents the odor from spreading throughout the house.

The option with a grill (plastic or rubber) is more economical, because will not require regular purchase of various absorbent bedding. Dog urine will flow into special grooves under the grill and your dog's paws will be clean and dry.

But if you have a male dog, then it is better to choose a special tray for dogs with a post, because nature will take its toll and force the boy to “raise his paw.” And if he doesn’t have such an opportunity in his toilet, he will start doing this on the corners and walls of the room.

Dog tray with post

This tray is designed specifically for male dogs. He will teach kids to go to relieve themselves “correctly”; an adult dog will feel comfortable using a specially designed post, and not furniture that may come in his way.

A tray with a post for dogs is larger and deeper than a cat's; the filler is a hygienic diaper, not sand. The grid that is attached on top of the tray helps keep your dog's paws dry and clean. The column is not rigidly fixed; it can be installed anywhere in the tray. The material from which this tray is made does not cause any allergies and it is non-toxic, does not absorb odors and is easy to clean - these are, of course, the main advantages of this type of tray. In order for the dog to consider the tray his own, you need to place it near the bedding or bowl of food.

For an active pet, a large dog litter tray is more suitable if the size of the home litter box is not suitable. As a rule, large breeds of dogs are walked outside, and trays that fit them in size will only come in handy when your dog is sick.

Tray for dogs with grass

With the help of such a toilet, you will teach your puppy to go to one place, and after it the dog will be able to go for a walk on the street, because the grass is the same as on the street. This toilet will help you replace winter walks with decorative dogs. A mat with a herb simulator will give your pet special pleasure, after which the dog will relieve itself without fail.

This toilet's system will prevent odor from leaking out for up to seven days. Covering the toilet will allow you to clean up your dog's feces without problems, and you will save money on previously offered diapers.

Currently, there are many modifications of dog trays on the market. However, it is quite possible to make similar device and independently.

Tray with sides

Let's take a closer look at what a tray with sides is and how convenient and necessary it is for your dog.

A dog tray with sides is convenient for male dogs. who raise their paws when going to the toilet. In this case, a stream of urine often hits the surface of the wall, and when it drains, it ends up on the floor, which adds inconvenience when washing the tray and removing the smell.

The sides can be quite high - this is more convenient for slightly larger dogs; trays for small dogs have lower sides. However, when purchasing a toilet for a dog with sides, you should carefully observe how your dog will use it, whether it is comfortable for him and whether he experiences discomfort when using this type of tray.

How to make a dog tray with your own hands

When making a litter box for a dog, keep in mind that the size of the tray should be large enough for the dog to feel comfortable in it. The stability of the tray is also important so that on the first visit the dog does not get scared and visits the tray with pleasure. In addition, the tray must be made of a material that is resistant to moisture, because the tray is a place where moisture often enters.

There are situations when your four-legged friend, for some unknown reason, refuses to go to the tray intended for her. Why did the dog stop going to the litter box?, what to do in this case?

Dog's refusal to use the litter box

Let's list some reasons and solutions when a dog refuses to use the litter box:

  • Inconvenience of use – the tray is unstable or your dog doesn’t like it for some other reason. It is necessary to understand what exactly deters a dog from using its toilet. Perhaps she is not satisfied with the filler? Try another one. Change the napkin to grass, set up a post for your dog.
  • The sides are too high for a small lap dog – your dog may find it uncomfortable to climb into a high litter box. Try using a tray with lower sides.
  • Maybe your dog has grown up and is showing himself to be a leader? Installing a post can help solve this problem.
  • A likely reason for this behavior may be your lack of attention. And your pet is trying to attract your attention to itself. Not the most pleasant way... What to do? Spend more time with your pet, show your love for him, and, if possible, scold him for his mistakes as little as possible. And even more so, do not punish the dog after violating the rules of decency - by humiliating your pet, you will only alienate him even more and will not solve the main problem.

By being attentive to your pet, you will be able to promptly notice any mistakes in your pet’s behavior and promptly resolve any issues that arise. After all, it is the owner who knows his dog better than others and can better understand the reasons that prompted the pet to act this way.