Family and family values. Research work "family values as the basis of moral relations in religion and literature" Family values in works of native literature

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL with.

RESEARCH WORK ON LITERATURE

"The image of the family in the works

Russian Literature"

Performed:

Zamyatina Daria - a student of the 9th grade of the secondary school in the village of Seliyarovo Head:

Rachkovskaya Tatyana Fedorovna,

Russian teacher and

Literature MOU secondary school s. Seliyarovo

Introduction

The family is one of the masterpieces of nature.

D. Santayana
A family is a home with a capital letter. It so happened that in the minds of people the concepts of “home” and “family” have become synonymous, because a house cannot exist without people living in it, without a family, and these concepts are only filled with meaning when they exist in an inseparable connection, as a whole.

Family upbringing is unthinkable without parental love for children and a reciprocal feeling of children for their parents; it is more emotional in nature than any other upbringing. The family has the most active influence on the development of spiritual culture, on the social orientation of the individual, and on the motives of behavior. Therefore, it is the most important factor in the upbringing of a highly moral person. This means that in modern society there is a need to address the problem of reviving family education. In this I see relevance this work.

It so happened that for a long time in our country there was an assertion of any kind of values, but not family ones. As a result, we have what we have: children forget their parents, growing up, they do not appreciate the happiness of the appearance of their own children and leave them in orphanages, of which there are more and more in the country. Very often, these children never get back into the family and grow up without knowing what family values are.

What are the reasons for the decline in the educational influence of the family? Is it possible, by referring to the samples of Russian classical literature, to restore the value of family education lost in society? Are the methods of the author's embodiment of the image of the mother in Russian literature the same? The answers to these questions became purpose my work.

To achieve the goals were set tasks:

Study the literature on the topic of work
Conduct a sociological survey of students of the secondary school in the village of Seliyarovo in order to determine the prospects and practical significance of the work
Compare the images of mother and father in folklore, chronicles, novels and stories of writers of the 19th and 20th centuries.

I asked the children of our school to answer the question "What are your view, the reasons for the decline in the educational influence of the family?(see Appendix No. 1). The method of collecting information is a written survey of students. The answers guys helped me decide with the object of study. I took the following as samples:

proverbs, as one of the genres of folk poetry, works of ancient Russian literature ("The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "Bee", "Domostroy"), A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", I.S. Shmelev's story "The Summer of the Lord ”, the story of A. Platonov “Still Mom”, the story of the Khanty writer Tatyana Moldanova “In a lonely nest”. It is in these works, it seems to me, that the image of the family as the bearer of culture, the upbringing of the younger generation, is very clearly created. After all, it is very important that a small person will take out of his children's world into the adult world.

Practical value of this work lies in the possibility of using the results of the study, studying the social status of families living in the territory of the settlement, as well as materials for studying works of art during extracurricular activities, parent meetings, and literature lessons.
I.Family and traditions in works

folklore and ancient Russian literature

“The family is called upon to perceive, support

and pass it on from generation to generation

spiritual and religious, national and

paternal tradition.

I.A. Ilyin

Proverbs are a common and favorite genre of Russian folk art. More than in other folklore genres, they concentrate the wisdom, experience, dreams and aspirations of the common people accumulated over the centuries. A special place is occupied by proverbs, which are, as it were, a synthesis of folk worldly wisdom. Such proverbs have not yet lost their meaning and are widely used among the masses. Among them are many proverbs about the clan-tribe: “What is the root, such is the offspring”, “from the apple tree an apple, but a cone from a spruce”, “what a tree is, such are apples”,“from a good tree, good and fruit”, “what is sown, it will grow”, “the same freak from generation to generation”, “an apple falls not far from a tree”, “do not expect grapes from a thorn”, “what a father, such he also has children”, “daughter by mother, son by father”, “white-faced, but thin father”.

Proverbs emphasize peace and harmony between husband and wife, a good life in a loving family: “Council and love - that’s where the world stands”, “Where the needle goes, there is a thread”, “A good husband and wife have leisure”, “No treasure is needed, if the husband and wife are on good terms.

Proverbs are an inexhaustible source of folk wisdom and poetic imagery. Later proverbs are preserved in the monuments of ancient Russian literature. In written form, proverbs are attested in such monuments of ancient Russian literature as “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”, “The Prayer of Daniel the Sharpener”: a good wife is a crown to her husband and carelessness. The meaning of the "Word" is especially important for us also because it is a living and indisputable evidence of the height of ancient Russian culture, its originality and its nationality. And the lamentation of Yaroslavna in the “Word”, thanks to the strength of the feelings expressed in it, became a symbol of female grief and female fidelity during the years of military trials of Russia, which was reflected in the literature of the 19th and 20th centuries.

From time immemorial, such human relations have developed within the family, which are mentioned by "Bee". 1 “Mothers love their sons more, as they can help them, but a father’s daughter will not require help from his father ...” In that postulate of good family relations, the mother is assigned an equal role with the father. Church teachings demanded from children respect for their mother: “... do not forget your mother forever, remember that you gave birth to her”; “... do not forget the mother of labor, the hedgehog about the children is sadness and illness. You can cheer about her, as if she is about you. Serve her with the same servile fear.” Reverence for the mother was declared a “pious deed”, and neglect and oblivion of the memory of parents was sharply condemned: “... and then he will cry, and the Lord will not hear him ...”. A generalization of the truths developed by the age-old folk culture are the teachings of the "Bee": "What honors you bring to your parents, such are you teas from your children in old age." The requirement: “If your father or your mother loses weight in his mind in old age, then do not dishonor them, do not reproach them” - deeply humane in its essence.

The basis of the church concept of the family was the thesis of the sanctity of marriage. The microclimate in the ancient Russian family depended on the woman: “It is fitting for the wife of her husband to mark his head on his shoulders, and the husband to his wife - like a soul in the body.”

Leo Tolstoy spoke of mutual agreement between husband and wife: “Be both careful, more attentive than the other to mutual relations, so that the habits of irritation and alienation do not creep in. It is not easy to become one soul and one body. We must try. But the reward for hard work is great. And I know one main remedy: not for a moment because of marital love, do not forget, do not lose love and respect as a person for a person. To have a relationship as a husband and wife - but at the heart of everything, to have a relationship as to an outsider, to a neighbor - these are the main relations. They have power."

The annals contain numerous examples of family “harmony and care”. These are Yan and his “friend” Maria (Khvek), Mstislav Vladimirovich and his wife (XII century), Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tverskoy and his wife Anna Dmitrievna (XIV century), Vladimir Vasilkovich Volynsky and his wife, Princess “dear” Olga Romanovna (XIII century) Vasily Vasilyevich (Dark) and his wife Marya Yaroslavna, Vasily Dmitrievich and Sofia Vitovtovna, as well as many other representatives of the aristocratic strata. Masterpieces of ancient Russian literature, along with folklore, conveyed to us the image of “lada” (“... we can’t understand our own sweet ways ...” - we read in “The Word ...” 2), i.e. faithful wife. Marriage has long been considered a sacred duty among the Slavs, peace and chastity dominated families. According to the Orthodox concept, the greatest “good” for the family was children (“it is sweet to have a conversation with one who has given birth to his children” - “Bee”), while the birth of a daughter - a future mother - was considered an “honor to the house”. Encouraging "many children", the Orthodox Church formed the ideal of a woman - a mother of many children.
II. Family education through the eyes of the current generation

“Nothing happens so rarely in the world as complete

honesty between parents and children.

The tradition of large families in our society, unfortunately, has exhausted itself. Working on this problem, I managed to find out that for the period from 2008 to 2011 the number of large families remains at the same level. To date, this is only 8% of the families living in the territory of the settlement (see Appendix No. 2).

What is the prospect in the future for families called large families, i.e. having three or more children? I tried to answer this question by offering the students of our school a questionnaire "Which How many children would you like to have in your family? The results are as follows: if among middle school students the desire to have 3 or more children is expressed by 60% of the respondents and only 28% see 1-2 children in their family, then among high school students (grades 8-11) the indicators are absolutely opposite. 80% of the respondents are limited to 2 children, and only 10% want to have 3 children, more than 3 - 0% (see Appendix No. 3,4). Among the reasons why expectant mothers and fathers do not want to have more than one or two children is the lack of material resources. It is not superfluous to recall that the sociological survey was conducted in rural areas, where the birth rate is still somewhat higher than in the city. Conclusions suggest themselves. If we do not pay attention now to the problem of preserving the family as the basis of moral education, will there be an opportunity for the revival of society? After all, it is in families with many children that a child is brought up on centuries-old traditions of compassion, respect for others, and mutual assistance.

III. The image of the mother in the works of Russian literature

“A mother’s heart is an abyss, in the depths of which

there will always be forgiveness."

O. Balzac

Among the values that are components of family happiness and well-being, there is one enduring: children. The first word of a baby is "mom". It is probably the oldest on earth, and therefore the word "mother" is similar in many languages. In Greek - "meter", in Latin - "mater", in French - "mere", in German - "mutter". to his cry. He hears his mother's affectionate words, feels her warmth, protection. Even when people become adults and break away from their home, their connection with their mother does not break. Mom is the person who gave you life, nurtured, raised, raised.

The consequences of wars, revolutions, cataclysms, the collapse of traditional family ties have revealed with the utmost clarity the fragility of childhood, the irreplaceability of childhood experience, its preciousness. But until now, mankind has not come up with anything better than maternal, family care for a child.

For the first time in his life, the hero of A. Platonov's story "Still Mom" heard that mom can be replaced by another woman. This makes Artem indignant: “No, she won’t be for you, she’s a stranger!” 3 Native in his view is only the one that remains at home. And everything beyond the threshold of the house is someone else's. His thoughts were directed to his home, "where his mother lived." “Is she alive? Didn’t she die from something - Grandma Daria died at once, they didn’t cherish, they didn’t guess. Or maybe their hut caught fire without him, because Artyom left home a long time ago, you never know what happens. 4 The boy worries about what might happen without him. Although he is small, he already feels responsible for his home and his mother, who is waiting for him.

The image of the mother in the story is indicative, it seems to be embodied in two heroines at once - in the mother of the first grader Artem and his first teacher Apollinaria Nikolaevna. The author seems to bring us back to the origins of folk art, and the words of a Russian proverb come to mind: "Not the mother who gave birth, but the one who raised." Artyomka feels so confident on the long way to school for his small years because behind him stands a kind, caring mother, who, like Artyomka, is scared. “... she also wanted to catch up with Artyom, take him by the hand and return home with him, but she only sighed and went home alone.” In the act of this simple woman, we see the age-old wisdom of the people in educating the future citizen.

Mom is the most precious person for a child. She is a nurse, protector and helper, and love for her home and everything in it begins with her mother. The title of the story is symbolic - the boy Artemka will meet many more mothers on his way while he is growing up. “Our entire Motherland is still your mother,” Apollinaria Nikolaevna will tell him. And from the native threshold will stretch the threads of love for the native land - the Motherland. You can be sure that Artyom, becoming an adult, will be the support of his mother and a reliable defender of his land.

IV. The Grinev and Mironov families as the basis of Christian morality

"The relationship between parents and children is just as difficult and just as dramatic as the relationship between lovers."

A. Morua
It is in the family that the foundations of moral and patriotic education are laid (the lack of which is also felt in our society), an example of this is the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The words "honor", "duty", "Fatherland" for Grinev-father are saints. Blessing his son for the service, he says: “Farewell, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you swear ... and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from a young age. 5 The father wants to see his son as a worthy successor to the Grinev family, in which awards were given for worthy deeds and in whose family a firm and courageous character was valued. Andrei Petrovich was proud that no one in his family had compromised either his conscience or honor. Upon learning of the forthcoming punishment of his son, the father exclaims in despair: “The execution is not terrible: my ancestor died at the place of execution, defending what he considered the shrine of his conscience, my father suffered with Volynsky and Khrushchev. But for a nobleman to change his oath, to unite with robbers, with murderers, with runaway serfs! ... Shame and disgrace to our family! 6 Andrei Petrovich Grinev is a strict person. But behind his severity lies the true parental love for his son. In the Christian understanding, parental love is a duty, an obligation to educate a child with a kind word, a good example. For “parents will be punished not only for their sins, but also for their children, if they do not raise them in piety” (St. John Chrysostom).

The relationship between the parents of Masha Mironova also appears as a new, heroic side: we see that they are connected not just by a long-term habit, but by a sense of true love, high duty, a sense of holiness and the inseparability of their union.

Spiritual unity, love and fidelity of husband and wife evoke a sense of respect. The service of her husband became the life of Vasilisa Egorovna. She "looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master's, and ruled the fortress in the same way as her house."

Both the Grinevs and the Mironovs live according to the laws of Christian conscience, revere the same life values.

Absolutely submissive to her parents, Masha refuses to marry Grinev without blessing - despite the apparent injustice of her father’s response to Peter’s letter (“The cruel expressions, which the father did not stint on, deeply offended me. The disdain with which he mentioned Marya Ivanovna seemed to me as obscene as it is unjust") 7 . The established legal order is stronger than desires and even justice itself. A person who follows the law acquires more than the joy of life - strength and, as it were, gratitude of fate.

Petr Grinev and Masha Mironova are worthy children of worthy parents. The author grants his heroes both family happiness and prosperity to their offspring.

For Pushkin, a person is inseparable from a citizen. History is created by people, and the well-being of the people and the country depends on what they are.

V. Traditions of family education in the story

I.S. Shmeleva "Summer of the Lord"

“It’s even nice to be sick when you know that there are people who are waiting for your recovery as a holiday.”

A.P. Chekhov

The story of I.S. Shmelev "The Summer of the Lord" helps to understand how the moral principle is formed in a person. In the center of the story is the image of a child, through whose eyes I.S. Shmelev observes and comprehends the world. The story is imbued with a piercing love for the native land: only in serving the native land, in maintaining its traditions, rituals, beliefs, in touching worship of its shrines and inner memory of their ancestors, does the writer see the meaning of the life of a Russian person. “It seems that this is all of Russia, Russia appears here “in the legends of the deep antiquity” 8

Of all the seemingly minor characters, the image of the father stands out, a kind, generous, able to truly love, a sincerely believing person.

The father in the memoirs of the protagonist is affectionate, kind, strong, cheerful. He is an idol for the boy, the ideal of a man. Giving money to workers and households for the glory of God, Sergei Ivanovich acts in accordance with the spiritual traditions of his family and all of Orthodox Russia. Little Vanya absorbs this Christian dominant in his father's behavior with his heart and soul, gaining a solid experience of an Orthodox attitude towards people.

The family, in the understanding of little Vanya, is not only father and mother, but also all yard people living according to the same laws, tacitly established in the house. And each of them is a teacher for the child. The image of Gorkin is especially vividly created, in which the boy sees a “holy”, “as if sacred”, “pleaser”.

Combining the traditions of Russian classics and the canons of hagiographic literature in his work, Shmelev created his own model of a happy childhood, built on the inseparable connection between the little hero and his family.

In the story “The Summer of the Lord”, I.S. Shmelev restores a deep, integral system of family education based on patristic Orthodox traditions. The traditions on which our grandparents were brought up, and which they carefully carried through their lives.

The stories of my grandmother, Koneva Agrafena Alexandrovna, about the celebration of Christmas, Holy Palm Sunday, Easter or Maslenitsa amazingly coincide in their accuracy with the description of these holidays in the story. “On Christmas Eve, around Christmas, it used to be that they didn’t eat until the star. Kutya was boiled from wheat, with honey ... They were put under the image, for hay. Why? ... But as if it was a gift to Christ. 9 “…we are going to burn the crosses. We burn it over the kitchen door, then on the cellar, in the barn ... ". ten

“Shrovetide ends: today is the last day, “forgiveness Sunday” ... They bring “Shrovetide” as a gift. Such joy! On a large round gingerbread are ice mountains made of gold paper and paper carved Christmas trees; in Christmas trees, standing on pegs - molded from dough and painted with soot, bears and wolves, blue, yellow, crimson ... - of all colors. And over all this “Shrovetide” thin golden gossamer threads tremble in brilliance. eleven

This means that traditions in our society have not yet been completely lost, while there is still an opportunity to revive them, preserve them and pass them on to their children. So, as the head of the family Sergei Ivanovich tried to do, because the authority of the father, who affirms the principles of Orthodox morality in the family, is a principle that must be followed to educate moral people, patriots, defenders of the Motherland.
VI. The sanctity of family traditions is one of the ways to educate

“In order for our happiness to be complete, we need the affection and help of the people around us, the latter will agree to love and respect us, help us in our plans, work for our happiness only to the extent that we are ready to work for their well-being, this the necessary connection is called a moral duty, a moral obligation.

P. Holbach

Having a family - a person has a reliable rear, he has an urgent need to take care of his loved ones, while maintaining the sanctity of family traditions as one of the ways of education. The traditions of several generations allow the child to realize his connection with grandparents, common ancestors, allow the child to be proud of his family. Unfortunately, in our time, when many families are destroyed, it has become very difficult to honor family traditions. Question "Does your family have traditions and what? More than half of the guys I interviewed answered in the negative. This means that it is necessary to re-create their own traditions that help the family to gather together more often, so that people living under the same roof feel like a real family.

“... When the wind started singing in the chimneys, a hanging lamp over the round table was lit in the dining room, and my stepfather usually read aloud Nekrasov, Leo Tolstoy, Turgenev ... My mother, listening, knitted stockings. I drew or painted ... No accidents could disturb these evenings. (A.N. Tolstoy)

The traditions of family readings in the time of A.N. Tolstoy are those traditions that in our time have been replaced by newspapers, radio and television. When the whole family got together, and someone read, and someone listened, it created an atmosphere of spiritual unity, awakened the fantasy. This world was a living, breathing world, where images were born, where creativity began.

Are we worthy of our grandfathers and fathers? Will we pass on their moral lessons to our children? I tried to find answers to these questions in the story of our Khanty writer Tatyana Moldanova "In a lonely nest".
VII. Folk customs of kindness in contemporary literature

“It is not good when a person is left to himself, and especially when he works alone; if he wants to achieve something, he needs participation and moral support.”

I. Goethe
Traditions are one of the foundations of family preservation. It is this idea that can be traced in the story of the Khanty writer Tatyana Moldanova "In the Lonely Nest", which she wrote based on the stories of her grandmother about the fate of her family, who survived the repressions that followed the events known as the "Kazym uprising of 1933". Indeed, children were forcibly taken away from their parents and sent to a boarding school. This became "the actual basis of the story." But the basis of the work is an analysis of maternal feelings close to the author: through troubles, through myths, through taboos, “through oneself”. The writer managed not only to brilliantly depict, but also convincingly prove to readers that the mother is the link between the three worlds, and the worlds are not only mystical, unreal, but also quite tangible. When I read Moldanov, this line touched me most of all: "In a lonely nest." This, apparently, is the most correct definition of the state in which the tragic circumstances of the critical years plunged the heroine of the writer. It is no coincidence that the story itself is built as a story about what a Khanty woman with eight children in her arms experienced after a violent separation from her husband in just one winter. Here is the first study, reflecting the life of the Khanty before the arrival of uninvited newcomers to their ancestral lands. “Carefully, so as not to wake her husband, Anna got out from under the cozy Sakha. The hole of the plague barely glowed. With habitual movements, she groped for firewood, birch bark, struck out a fire, hung up the kettle. Dry firewood flared up quickly. The light of the flame illuminated her chum, children, husband. The warmth of the fire entered the dwelling. One can only be amazed at how many duties a Khanty woman had. But the northerners respected and cherished the traditions that had developed over the millennia. They knew that their husbands had their own, much more difficult and dangerous share - the share of the earner and breadwinner of the family. They did not see anything unusual in the fact that the boys, forcibly separated from their fathers, “left early in the morning to put nooses on partridges.” Any boy who grew up in a camp was simply obliged, in the absence of his father, to try to the best of his ability to play the role of a protector and breadwinner all cities. In other words, the Khanty women were quite satisfied with this life, and they did not want a different fate for themselves. This idyll was broken by the appearance of uninvited and - most importantly - unwanted aliens in the camp. They "inspected cargo sleds, looked for weapons, food supplies, furs, fur clothes and shoes." By forcibly taking the hunters with them, the new government deprived the women who remained in the camp of men's support and protection. The arrival of armed men confronted Anna with the most difficult problem: how, in the absence of the breadwinner of the family, to preserve the family nest and save the children. Survival motives become predominant in the story. However, the heroine of Moldanova's story "In the Lonely Nest", making such a choice, puts on life: to survive by any means. She even finishes the milk expressed for the baby so that it returns to the hungry creature with new maternal powers. For me, the most impressive scene in Moldanova's story is the death of Anna's third child. No, the departure of a baby son to the Lower World was also a terrible loss for Anna. But then Moldanova reflected all the experiences of her mother with only two strokes. The first detail: Anna and her neighbor in the camp lit, as the custom dictated, "a funeral pyre in front of the entrance to the plague." And the second clarification concerned the change in the appearance of the heroine. As Moldanova says, “Anna became a burned-out forest after the death of her son.” More - no emotions. Anna is not up to it, she needs to save the remaining nest, in which, in addition to her, there are seven more mouths. It was not easy for Anna to endure the death of her second child, Tatya's daughter. However, even then she did not give vent to her feelings. Anna fell into deaf despair after the death of her daughter Nastya. The loneliness of the mother, the hardships associated with the upbringing and feeding of the child, were transformed in the story into a symbol of the suffering land. Moldanova believes that not only the physical existence of the family is important. The writer wants the soul of her people not to disappear in the struggle for life.

The story “In the Lonely Nest” is a warning story that by losing touch with our native land, the people living on it, we are gradually losing the value of family education that has developed over the centuries.

conclusions
“To be loved is more than to be rich, for to be loved is to be happy.”

Having studied this topic, I came to the conclusion that in Russian literature there are textbook examples of the upbringing of a person in a family, to which there is a need to turn in our time. We have something to be proud of, there is someone to take an example from. Proof of this is our domestic literature, which is based on the problem of human existence as a spiritual process. It is in Russian literature that I see an antidote to vulgarity and moral deformity.

Different attitudes towards children make their destinies different. A father and mother who can give an education, a fortune, do not always make their child happy. And vice versa: parents who gave their children only their love open up the opportunity for them to find happiness. And in order not to be Ivans who do not remember kinship, it is necessary to restore the lost in society the value of family education. And this can only be done by contacting examples of great Russian literature.

Bibliographic list
Main literature
1. Domostroy / Old Russian literature /, M., 2002.

2. Moldanova T. In a lonely nest, NIK, Khanty-Mansiysk, 1996

3. Platonov A. Another mother. L., 1989.

4. Pushkin A.S. Captain's daughter / Dramatic works /, M., 2000.

5. A word about Igor's regiment. M., 1972.

6. Shmelev I.S. Summer of the Lord. M., 2001.
Additional literature:
1. Kovalev S.V. From I to WE: ABC of family life. M., 1989.

2. Kostomarov N.I. Essay on domestic life and customs of the Great Russian people in the 16th and 17th centuries. M., 1992.

3. Novikova A.M. Russian folk poetry. M., 1969.

4. Parishioners A.M. Children without a family. M., 1990.

5. Pushkareva N.L. Women of Ancient Russia. M., 1989.

Ch. 1. Family and traditions in the works of folklore and Old Russian

Literature……………………………………………………...page 5-7

1.1. Proverbs and sayings about the clan-tribe……………………...page 5

1.2. The role of the mother in the Old Russian family……………………………p.6-7

Ch. 2. Family education through the eyes of the current generation……..pp.7-8

2.1. Large families……………………………………………..page 8

2.2. Dysfunctional families………………………………………...p.8

2.3. The results of the student survey:…………………………p. 8

Ch. 3. The image of the mother in the works of Russian literature……….pp.8-10

Ch. 4. The Grinev and Mironov families are the basis of the Christian

morality………………………………………………………....page 10-12

Ch. 5. Traditions of family education in the story of I.S. Shmelev “Summer

of the Lord”……………………………………………………..pp.12-14

Ch. 6. The sanctity of family traditions is one way

education……………………………………………………p.14-15

Ch. 7. Folk customs of goodness in the literature of our time ...... pp. 15-17

Conclusions………………………………………………………..p.17-18

Bibliography…………………………………………………p.19

FAMILY VALUES IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE

ChPOU TOSPO "Tyumen College of Economics, Management and Law»

E.P. Khlopysheva

What is needed for happiness?

Quiet family life...

with the ability to do good to people.

L.N. Tolstoy

Family and family values are one of the most important elements of the foundation of personality culture. In this regard, family relations are primary and absolute. They serve as the basis for the formation of morality.person.

The theme of the family pervades all Russian literature. From "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"where "Igor's Glorious Nest" symbolizes a family tribal community, before the epic novels of L. N. Tolstoy and M. A. Sholokhov - all Russian literature in its best examples tells, one way or another, about Russianfamily.

One of the early family instructions preserved in Russianliterature, "Instruction" by Vladimir Monomakh, expresses the hope that each of the heirs who have accepted the father's covenant in their hearts will work, for the family is a creativegenerality.

How the pinnacle of wisdom in ancient Russian literature arose in XVI in.the book "Domostroy", written with a deep understanding of the national family traditions of Ancient Russia. "Domostroy" instructed to keep one's faith, to serve the state, taught how to carry these feelings into the family, how to build one's "inner temple" and a family home. And the book ended with the affirmation of the spiritual principles of family life:"Notlook at the riches, the sovereign is good - the soul and the body are good ....

All classical literature, in essence, defends the good beginnings of the Russian family, those traditions and foundations that were approved by Domostroy,thatfamily hierarchy, which reflected the spiritual responsibility of the father for the household and the obedience of children, condemned debauchery andarbitrariness.

We meet such ideas in the great pedagogical poem XVIII in.“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by A. N. Radishchev, where in the speech of a Krestets nobleman, a child-loving father, it is told about how this true owner, educator of two worthy sons, builds his family. The first law of true education is love for those being educated and respect for their spiritual freedom. It is important in family education and the development of a healthy organism from childhood, constant work. A. N. Radishchev tells here about the ideal, comprehensiveupbringing.

“Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age,” the hero of the “Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, instructs his son Petrusha in a fatherly way, seeing him off to the sovereign’s service. Family perceived qualities of honor, loyalty and obedience determine the fate of the hero. And yet he stumbles more than once. And only the "captain's daughter" Masha always remains devoted to the spiritual foundations of family duty, full of truelove.

Fidelity to conjugal duty, freedom from pernicious passion, is demonstrated by the heroine of the poetic novel by A. S. Pushkin Tatyana Larina. Her words are the pinnacle of virtue and an example for every married woman who is led into temptation:"ButI am given to another; I will be faithful to him forever.

M. Yu. Lermontov in "The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ..." portrayed the daring merchant Kalashnikov, defending the honor of his wife, his honor and, most importantly, the idea of the family as perhaps the most important basis of the Russian nationalideas.

MajorityworksRussianliterature XIX in.:"Fathersandchildren", "Noblenest"I. S.Turgenev,"Cliff"AND.BUT.Goncharova, "Demons"F. M.Dostoevsky, "AnnaKarenina"and"Warandpeace" L.N.Tolstoy– claimed the family nationalidealandfailedtoy"models"family, whichstubbornly implementedinRussianWestern consciousness"civilizers"underpretext"freedom".

In L. N. Tolstoy's trilogy ("Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth"), the immediacy of the author's memories, conveyed through children's perception, helps to draw a surprisingly warm atmosphere of a noble family, withherkind, prosperous and settledlife.

In the epic novel "War and Peace" L. N. Tolstoy portrayed the families of the Rostovs, Bolkonskys, Kuragins and others.

The simplicity, cordiality of the Rostovs and the pride, honesty of the Bolkonskys are special tribal ways, psychological, everyday, life. Each of them expresses a patriarchal tradition and morality.

The Kuragins are the third family unit in the novel. Their family closeness is an instinctive mutual support and solidarity based on almost animal egoism. The families of the Rostovs and Bolkonskys have a moral superiority against the Kuragins, and yet the invasion of the base Kuragin egoism causes a crisis in the world of these families. The moral loftiness and humanity of patriarchal families is insufficient in the new, much more difficult conditions of life. Aristocratic families, which, it would seem, have everything that makes up prosperity and happiness, are destroyed in the novel Anna Karenina. The main character dies, and this death is like retribution for neglecting family duty, personal selfishness.

The family is the basis of the foundations of folk life in the epic novel by M. A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don". The life circumstances of the Cossack environment are depicted with such thoroughness that they make it possible to recreate the general structure of the family of the beginning XX in. Each individual person was perceived by all means as part of the general - family, clan. In the Melekhov family, there is great patriarchal power - the omnipotence of the father. The rest endure it patiently and with restraint, even hot Grigory. Pantelei Prokofievich marries Grigory and he does not argue. Religion was another center of the family. The father condemns Grigory's extramarital life with Aksinya, asks him about God. M. A. Sholokhov showed the gradual death of the patriarchal Melekhov family. But the family continues to be the main value. It is no coincidence that at the end of the novel, Gregory stands at the gates of his native house, holdingson.

Acquaintance of children in the family with the works of Russian literaturegivesunderstanding of the traditions in the Russian family, confirms the importance of the family as one of the most important values in lifeperson.

The family plays a decisive role in the development of a person. A person's personality is created in the family, in the atmosphere in which he grows up. And it was not in vain that in the 19th century Fyodor Dostoevsky said: “A family is also created, but not given ready-made, and no rights, no duties are given here ready-made, and they all follow by themselves, one from the other, then only this is strong, then only this is holy. The family is built up by the tireless work of the family.

Therefore, writers often turn to the theme of the family, exploring the environment in which the hero grows and develops, and trying to understand him.

And it is in the family that the foundations of moral and patriotic education are laid (the lack of which is acutely felt in our society).

Unfortunately, in our time, when many families are destroyed, it has become very difficult to honor family traditions. It is necessary to re-create their own traditions that help the family to get together more often, so that people living under the same roof feel like a real family.

And here I want to say about the value of the traditions of family readings.

In Russian literature there are textbook examples of the upbringing of a person in the family, to which there is a need to turn in our time. We have something to be proud of, there is someone to take an example from. Proof of this is our domestic literature, which is based on the problem of human existence as a spiritual process. It is in Russian literature that an antidote to vulgarity and moral deformity is seen.

Different attitudes towards children make their destinies different. A father and mother who can give an education, a fortune, do not always make their child happy. And vice versa: parents who gave their children only their love open up the opportunity for them to find happiness. And in order not to be Ivans who do not remember kinship, it is necessary to restore the lost in societythe value of family education . And this can only be done by contactingsamples of great Russian literature, returning to the origins of family reading.

What role does the family play in a person's life and how do the values laid down in childhood affect his character and future destiny? . I believe that the family is a moral support that does not allow one to give up in the face of difficulties, it is that life-giving light that guides a person's steps in the mainstream of virtues and does not allow turning off the true path. The family lays spiritual foundations in the soul, instills moral qualities and determines the vector of a person’s actions: committed according to conscience or contrary to it. From what values will be laid down in the soul of a child in childhood, his future fate will depend.

The theme of the family occupies a central place in the work of Russian writers. So, in the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" a fundamental role is assigned to the Rostov family. Describing the nature of the relationship between parents and children, the author shows the atmosphere prevailing in their home: mutual understanding, disinterested care, support in painful moments of spiritual search.

Thanks to the values instilled in the children in this family, the latter managed to become real people worthy of their era: brought up in the spirit of patriotism, Petya Rostov dies from an enemy bullet, defending the honor of his homeland, while Natasha, neglecting material values, frees the carts from belongings and gives them away needy and seriously wounded soldiers. The actions of these people are an example for imitation, pride and admiration for the life-giving force that beats in their souls and which, incomparably, was laid in childhood.

The next example confirming my reasoning is the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", in which we are talking about a noble young man - Pyotr Grinev, who faithfully followed throughout his life the mandate given by his father: "Take care of your dress again, and honor from a young age." These words were a moral guide for the main character, illuminating his thorny path with a bright flame of faith and steadfastness. to protect the offended honor of Masha Mironova and refused to take the oath of E. Pugachev, which, in turn, demonstrates his inner fortitude.

Thus, we came to the conclusion that family values are fundamental in the life of every person. It is they who determine what his beliefs, ideals and principles will be: selfish or aimed at the benefit of others.

Updated: 2018-03-03

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Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary Educational School No. 46", Naberezhnye Chelny

Research work

Section 2: "Family is the best thing that can be in the life of any person..."

Topic: "Images of the family, home, clan in the works of Russian writers of the 19th century (on the example of the story by S.T. Askakov "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" and "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin)".

Author of the work: Utkin Ivan, 9th grade, MBOU "Secondary School No. 46"

As we read, we note the boy's love for nature. It should be noted that Serezha's mother was indifferent to her, but her father enthusiastically devoted himself to fishing, hunting, sometimes, with his mother's permission, he took his son with him. S.T. Aksakov shows how nature enriches a person spiritually, forms his poetic worldview, helps to bring people together, and influences morality. Nature is a good teacher and educator. “Is it not up to reading, to writing here, when fragrant bird cherry blossoms, when all the slopes of the mountains are covered with snow-covered tulips, when larks hang in the air right above the yard from morning to evening ...” the author recalls. And here is the fishing scene, which brought the boy into indescribable delight: “The fishing just drove me crazy! I couldn't think of anything else,

to speak ... A fishing rod, a trembling and diving float, a rod bent from gravity, a fish trembling on a fishing line, led me at one recollection into delight, into self-forgetfulness.

Of course, one should not idealize the relationship that has developed in the Bagrov family. I understand that in the conditions of serfdom, the child had to deal with injustice, as in any family, there were undercurrents here: adults did not always behave sincerely, honestly, with dignity, and this caused Seryozha severe suffering. It is impossible not to recall the attitude of the hero to his grandmother. After the death of his grandfather, the boy tries to get close to her, but the woman's habit of beating the yard repels the child. Recreating the myth of a happy childhood, Aksakov holds the idea that the life lessons the boy received in the family were not in vain. He understands that there are good and evil people, there are masters and servants, there is love, respect, compassion, but there is also cruelty and prejudice. Bagrov-grandson became an adult early and was able to say about himself: "My head was older than my years."

“Respect is an outpost guarding the father and mother, as well as the offspring; it saves the first from grief, the last from remorse, ”writes O. de Balzac. It is with these words that I want to end the story about the relationship in the Bagrov family.

3.2. The idea of home and family in A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century presents us with a whole gallery of works that can be safely called “family”. From them we get the experience of family relationships, the experience of interaction with parents. A “family romance” can also be called the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" In his book, the author pays a lot of attention to the clan and family, he sees in the family circle a "guarantee of power" and human dignity, he sees the historical significance of the family for the development of the state as a whole.

In the book of A.S. Pushkin, two families are in the center of attention: the Grinevs and the Mironovs. The way of life in these families is associated with the best traditions of noble culture: a sense of duty, honor, human dignity. Love, respect, mutual understanding reign in them. The younger generation is brought up in word and deed, it is protected from meanness, cruelty, dishonor.

Let us turn to the Grinev family, all members of which love and care for each other. There is harmony and understanding between husband and wife. This patriarchal local family, where they keep the “habits of sweet antiquity”, kindness, mutual understanding, comfort reigns in it. The traditions of this family are inextricably linked with a sense of duty, honor, justice, the concept of home.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev is the father of the family. He served under Count Minich, retired and married Avdotya Vasilievna Yu. There were 9 children in this family, but all, except Petrusha, died in infancy.

The family played a direct role in the formation of Petrusha Grinev. From childhood he felt love and care of parents who taught him to respect elders, to be an honest person, not to commit bad deeds. His father told him: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age."

For the Grinev family, honor is above all. The word of the father is the law to which all members of the family unquestioningly obey. Grinev Sr. sees his son as an officer, defender of the Motherland. Petrusha is instilled with moral and volitional qualities, but little attention is paid to the study of sciences. Parents influence the behavior and attitude of the son.

Avdotya Vasilievna is Petrusha's mother, she loves her son very much, so she is hard to bear the separation from him. Seeing him off to work, he cries bitterly and gets upset. She is upset by the place of Petrusha's service - the city of Orenburg.

Not only his parents take care of Petrusha, a simple peasant Savelich is attached to him with fatherly love. The servant has been near Petrusha since childhood, protects him, gives instructions as the eldest in age, monitors the health and well-being of the master. It is in him that Petrusha finds support, care, being far from home. So, on the way to the service, Peter gets drunk, Savelich makes comments to him, scolds him, but gives him a hangover, seeing that he is suffering. Savelich shows paternal feelings for Petrusha, he is patient and attentive.

Parents have a great influence on the formation of Peter's views. It is they who, raising their child, “build” his character, destiny. The sincere love of his mother, the strict upbringing of his father, communication with the just Arkhip and closeness to nature developed in him a sense of duty, honor, and dignity. He will never disgrace his surname, he will keep the traditions of his family.

We meet the Mironov family in the third chapter of the novel, when Pyotr Grinev arrives at the Belogorsk fortress. Through the eyes of Grinev, we see the way of this family. The Mironovs revere patriarchal traditions. They live quietly and peacefully. Their house is a Russian hut, the walls of which are decorated with popular prints, "representing the capture of Kistrin and Ochakov, as well as the choice of a bride and the burial of a cat." The head of the family is Ivan Kuzmich, an uneducated and simple, but honest and kind person. He is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, a native of "soldiers' children." In the treatment of subordinates, his peasant origin is reflected. Sometimes A.S. Pushkin sneers at the life of a simple provincial officer. He shows him “in a cap and a Chinese robe.” The captain is engaged in drill training with old invalids in three-cornered hats, trying to be needed even in retirement. In his youth, he made military campaigns, had awards and a diploma that hangs on the wall behind framed glass. The owner of the family is hospitable, loves his family, daughter and wife. Despite the captain's rank, he gives Vasilisa Yegorovna the opportunity to command in the family and completely manage the entire household. Captain Mironov is a kind person by nature. However, at decisive moments he shows courage, steadfastness, readiness to give his life for his homeland. For him, patriotism and honor are the most important qualities.

Vasilisa Egorovna - the wife of Ivan Kuzmich, others call her "commandant". She is a wonderful wife, mother and mistress. She takes an active part in all military affairs of her husband. For her, her husband's military service is "a common thing." Vasilisa Egorovna is a kind, brave, devoted woman, in life-threatening situations for her close ones, she is ready to sacrifice herself. This simple woman shared a tragic fate with her husband.

Masha Mironova is a worthy daughter of her parents, brave and determined. For the sake of her beloved Petrusha, the girl is ready for crazy deeds. So, not thinking about the consequences, she goes to the Empress to bow.

The Grinev and Mironov families are in many ways similar, they are mutually complement each other. Both families are united by eternal values - love, kindness, conscience, fidelity. These are the moral categories on which the world rests, which are passed down from generation to generation.

Conclusion

Having considered the process of the impact of family relations on the spiritual development of the main characters of the story “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson” by S.T. Aksakov and the story “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin, we came to the conclusion that Russian literature traces continuity in the disclosure of the family theme, at home. It is in the family that the foundations of moral and patriotic education are laid.

Children in the 19th century grow up in large families. They are surrounded by the care and love of their parents. It seemed to me that in these families love is not shared, but multiplied with each member of the family. And it's great! But modern families are small and communication in them is insignificant.

Both writers showed that the family is the main thing that exists in the life of individuals and society as a whole. For the development of a comprehensive personality, the family plays a major role. Only in love can you grow an attentive and caring person. And this idea is confirmed by the heroes of S.T. Aksakov and A.S. Pushkin. On the example of the Mironov family in The Captain's Daughter, we see what wonderful and courageous children good and caring parents can raise. Bagrov-grandson, Petrusha Grinev, Masha Mironova grew up kind, sensitive, ready to empathize with their neighbor. In their lives they are guided by a sense of duty, honor, dignity, the concept of home.

Following the goal of the study, having studied the formation of family values on the example of Russian classical literature, I have identified certain specifics of family education:

1. Family upbringing is different from upbringing in society. It is based on love, tenderness, affection, care, a sense of duty or the absence of others.

2. Having studied the works, I came to the conclusion that families have their own rules, norms, traditions, their own system of rewards and punishments.

3. Each family has its own system of relationships:

Between husband and wife;

Between parents and children;

Between children.

4. Family traditions come into play as rules and norms of behavior.

5. The favorable development of the child's personality is associated with the direction of his development and the forms of their implementation.

6. The constant relationship of all family members leads to a favorable formation of the personality of a growing person. It is by example that the first skills in behavior and work are instilled.

The results of the study will be of interest to psychologists, teachers, parents and children. They helped me understand the functions of the family, its values. Artistic works were vivid examples in confirming my hypothesis. The developed memos will remind parents and children of the importance of the family in their lives.

A survey of students showed that in the modern world people spend less time in joint games, business and leisure. As a rule, children are busy with themselves, and adults are busy with work and household chores. The results of the questionnaire will be of interest to class teachers and psychologists.

In the family, the child grows, acquires a culture of material and spiritual values. The continuity of generations gives rise to the history of the family and the country as a whole. Only a loving and friendly family will bring up a future family man. Without the parents' own example, without guidance, the child loses the ability to grow as a person. A teenager's lack of a clear idea of good and evil, vices and virtues pushes him onto the path of crime, alcoholism, drug addiction and crime. It must be remembered that spiritual education in the family is the basis for education in society.

List of used literature:

1. Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich. - Russian writers: bibliogr. dictionary. - M., 1971.
2. Aksakov, Memoirs; Literary and theatrical memories / comments. E. I., Annenkova. - M.: Artist. lit., 1986.
3. M. P. Lobanov, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. - M .: Mol. guard, 1987 (2nd ed., 2005). (Life of remarkable people).

4.A. S. Pushkin. “Works in three volumes”, vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3 - M .: “Fiction”, 1986.

5. "The Big Electronic Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius" - M .: LLC "Ural Electronic Plant", 2004.

6. Lotman Yu. Conversations about Russian culture. Life and traditions of the Russian nobility (XVIII-early XIX century). year 2014.

7. "Pushkin at school." Textbook for teachers, students, high school students. Comp. V.Ya.Korovina. M .: "ROST", 1999.
8. http://www.aksakov.net.ru/lib/sb/book/2061...

Attachment 1

COMPOSITION OF FAMILIES

Annex 2

REMINDER FOR CHILDREN AND PARENTS

Annex 3

Survey questions

1. Do you consider relationships in your family:

a) very good b) good; c) not very good d) bad; e) not very bad.

2. Do you consider your family to be a friendly team?

a) yes; b) not quite; c) no.

3. What family traditions help strengthen your family?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (list these traditions)

4. How often does your family get together?

a) daily; b) on weekends; c) rarely.

5. What does your family do when they get together?

a) solve life problems together;

b) are engaged in family and domestic work;

c) work on a personal plot;

d) spend leisure time together, watch TV shows;

e) discuss the issues of children's education;

f) share your impressions about your day, about your successes and failures;

g) everyone minds his own business;

h) add that ______________________________________

6. Are there quarrels and conflicts in your family?

a) yes; b) often; c) sometimes; d) rarely; d) do not exist.

7. What causes quarrels, conflicts?

a) misunderstanding by family members of each other;

b) violation of the ethics of relationships (rudeness, infidelity, disrespect, etc.)

c) refusal to participate in family affairs, worries;

d) disagreements in the upbringing of children;

e) alcohol abuse;

f) other circumstances (specify) _________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What are the ways to resolve moral conflicts in your family?

a) reconciliation;

b) discussing the situation and making a mutual decision;

c) cessation of the conflict for some time;

d) seeking help from other people (parents, neighbors, friends, teachers);

e) conflicts are practically not resolved, they are protracted.

9. How do you react to family conflicts?

a) worry, cry;

b) take the side of one of the parents;

c) I try to reconcile my parents;

d) leaving home

d) I withdraw into myself;

e) I am indifferent;

g) I become embittered, uncontrollable;

h) I try to find support in other people.

Classical fiction is sometimes able to answer the most difficult questions about love, family, parents and children. After all, the authors in their work relied not only on new, old theories of psychologists and educators, but also on their lived and meaningful experience.

In addition to a huge number of squabbles and problems, you can see how people, without violating their principles and dignity, find the right solutions. The authors seem to prompt their readers with instructions for use in certain situations.

In other works, family sagas are presented. These are stories that happen to people throughout their lives, sometimes affecting the next generation.

Also in the selection you will find light, romantic books that will warm your heart and soul on the eve of such a significant holiday as the Day of Family, Love and Fidelity.

The Thorn Birds, Colin McCullough

Our grandmothers read this novel. Familiar to more than one generation, the history of the Cleary family is a classic that you want to return to. Maggie Cleary is the only daughter in a family where the mother is too disappointed in life and busy with herself, and the father and brothers are busy with the material well-being of their family. And no one has time for a little girl who is so desperately looking for her place among the huge number of relatives surrounding her.

"Heirloom", Rosamund Pilcher

The life of three generations of the English Stern family, described in the best traditions of the classic English novel, the bright characters of the characters, a fascinating plot based on a mystery. The main character has to resolve the conflict that broke out in her family because of the inheritance. Rosamund Pilcher makes you wonder what her character will do, keeping the reader in suspense, and at the end an unpredictable denouement awaits him...

"Rich Man, Poor Man" by Irwin Shaw

The drama tells the story of the Jordah family from the end of World War II to the mid-60s, including a sister and two brothers with different fates: rich and successful Rudy and poor Tom. Rudy was an eternal favorite in the family and school, always received excellent grades, and he managed to achieve considerable success in life. His brother Tom, an eternal bully and bully, was not particularly favored by his parents. After the death of their father, their paths diverge: Rudy began his ascent in business and politics, while Tom begins his career as a professional boxer, vowing never to let his son repeat his fate.

"Eternal Call", Anatoly Ivanov

This is a large-scale work covering huge historical events: 1905 and the October Revolution, the First World and Civil Wars, the Great Patriotic War and the restoration of the national economy and the country after the defeat of the Nazi invaders. In the difficult destinies of the heroes, the living connection of times finds expression, the baton of the struggle for justice is passed from fathers to children.

"On the Sunny Side of the Street", Dina Rubina

The little girl Vera might not have been born at all, but it did happen. And her name became her motto in life. She grew up to be an artist who sees beauty in ordinary things. A difficult relationship with her mother and the lack of proper education, as well as problems in her personal life, tempered Vera, but did not kill her kindness and warmth of soul. The book may seem sad, but throughout the story there is a reassuring promise that everything will be fine, if you just go to the sunny side of the street.

Married Life Herve Bazin

The novel "Married Life" is called a family novel, it describes the life together of the couple Mariette and Abel Bredoto, where the blue sky of love is covered with clouds and bad weather. As usual, but in this story there is a place for a young mistress, who is still not keen on the idea of taking someone else's husband out of the family. And the spouse has the wisdom and tact not to talk about his adventures with friends and hide the traces of his debauchery from relatives, and most importantly, the spouse.

"The True Story of Santa Claus", Andrei Zhvalevsky and Evgenia Pasternak

In this story, magic and everyday life are wonderfully intertwined. Sergey Ivanovich Morozov, a travel engineer from St. Petersburg, by chance once a year turns into Santa Claus. Together with him, we live the 20th century and step into the 21st century, and before our eyes passes the history of the country, bright and gloomy, victorious and tragic, familiar and unfamiliar.

Hungry Mountain, Daphne Du Maurier

A gripping family saga that has become a classic of the Gothic tradition in 20th century literature. Hungry Mountain is based on the true story of the Irish ancestors of Christopher Paxley, one of Daphne Du Maurier's friends. This is a chronicle of the life of five generations of the Brodrick family, the owners of Clonmere Castle, who owned the copper mines of Hungry Mountain. The story of their rise and fall. The story of undivided power, wealth and loneliness, strength and impotence; a story of hate and love a hundred years long.

"Moscow Saga", Vasily Aksenov

The Moscow Saga trilogy was written by the writer in the early 1990s and filmed in 2004. The series of books included the novels Winter Generation, War and Prison, Prison and Peace. Their action covers perhaps the most terrible period in Russian history of the twentieth century - from the early twenties to the early fifties. The Gradov family, three generations of Russian intellectuals, goes through all the circles of hell of the Stalin era - the fight against Trotskyism, collectivization, camps, the war against fascism and post-war repressions.

Theatre, Somerset Maugham

The main character of the novel - Julia Lambert (46 years old) is a famous theater actress in England, whose life was a success. She has a family: a successful husband and an adult educated son, but this is not enough for her. The woman is insanely interested in a young accountant, who soon "changes" her to a young actress ... Julia becomes aware of everything, but she takes the situation into her own hands.

Have fun!