A person's facial expressions perfectly reveal deception. We may try to hide our true feelings behind a fake smile or a deadpan tone of speech, but involuntary movements reveal true emotions that we do not want to show. Knowing about the “secret” muscles will be your advantage when communicating with other people.
Covers mouth with hand
This is one of those gestures that an adult has retained since childhood. A small child, whose parents have caught him in a lie, very often, instinctively brings both hands to his mouth and firmly clamps his mouth with them. A signal goes off in your head - to prevent bad words from escaping or to find an excuse: “I didn’t say that!” We often carry this habit throughout our lives. An adult deceiver can tightly cover his mouth with his hand or just raise a few fingers to his lips. These movements indicate that the person is telling a lie. But if the interlocutor covers his mouth with his hand when you speak, he clearly suspects you of lying.
Touches your nose
Continuation of the previous maneuver: at the last moment, pull yourself up and, instead of your mouth, lightly touch the tip of your nose. Or maybe it's Pinocchio syndrome, which was used to bully a boy or girl in childhood?
Rubs the eyelid
If you think that at the moment of repentance, a man rubs his eyes, trying to hold back tears, you are mistaken. He blatantly lies about where he spent last night. And this movement reveals him as a deceiver. The explanation for this is quite simple: our cunning ally, the brain, is trying to evade responsibility and avoid the searching gaze of our interlocutor, hence the reflex - we automatically begin to rub our eyelid. Another physiological explanation: liars have constricted pupils, and the body automatically wants to hide this from strangers.
Looks away
Many scientists say: if you want to understand whether they are lying to you, you need to focus on the upper part of the face, namely, on the eyes, eyebrows and forehead of your opponent. As a rule, the interlocutor’s gaze is very “eloquent.” By the way, if during a conversation a person alternates between looking at you and looking away, this does not mean that he is lying. Perhaps he simply cannot develop his thoughts and observe what is happening at the same time. Estimate how long this lasts. If he doesn’t look at you for at least half the time of the dialogue, this is a bad sign and you should start doubting his sincerity. As a rule, if the gaze is directed downward, this means that a person is experiencing sadness, to the side - disgust, down and to the side - guilt and shame.
Rolls his eyes
Eyes are the mirror of the soul. Another confirmation of this is the movements of the eyeballs during a conversation. It is practically beyond conscious control. Before trying to determine by his eyes whether a partner is lying or not, it would be nice to know his usual manner of behavior when communicating. To begin with, you can arrange a simple check. Ask him a neutral question, which he will probably answer without guile. Let's say what did he have for breakfast today? When you understand where the person is looking when speaking the truth, move on to the topic that interests you. If, when answering a simple question, the interlocutor looked up and to the left (reproducing the answer from memory), and when answering a question you were interested in, he looked up and to the right, then this is a possible sign that you did not hear the truth.
Blinks frequently
Typically, any person blinks at a frequency of 6–8 times per minute, which does not cause any unpleasant sensations among interlocutors. If we try to hide our thoughts and feelings from others, we begin to blink more often. This is an involuntary reaction that always accompanies any emotional excitement.
Relaxes the shirt collar
An absolutely cinematic sketch: a lump in the throat and an unbuttoned shirt collar. Scientists have found that any person, and especially a man, feels a lie on a physical level. It causes itching and discomfort in the facial muscles, and we automatically try to scratch the disturbing area to calm the nerves. Most often this happens in a situation where the liar is inexperienced and is sure that his deception will quickly be seen through. Another treacherous reaction of the body is that it “throws into a fever.” The deceiver has beads of sweat on his neck when he senses that you suspect something is wrong. Be alert. The same gesture can also indicate approaching aggression. When the interlocutor is very annoyed with something and at the same time pulls the collar away from the neck to cool it down fresh air, and suppress anger. Look at the situation.
Scratching his ear
Another itchy clue is rubbing the earlobe, flexing the earlobe, or lightly scratching. This is what people do involuntarily, who are forced to tell a lie, but it does not give them any pleasure. This is a modification of the gesture of a small child who covers his ears so as not to listen to the reproaches of his parents.
Holds fingers or objects in mouth
Yes, we agree, it sounds strange, but it looks ridiculous. However, this is one of the stupid habits of people who lie from time to time. There is an opinion that this is our attempt to return to the cloudless time of infancy, when children often suck their fingers to calm down. Already in adulthood, the role of “fingers” can be played by objects: cigarettes, pens, eyeglasses... A liar desperately needs support.
Game with points
People who wear glasses often use them to hide their true thoughts and emotions. There are plenty of options to avoid an unwanted conversation. You can twirl the glasses in your hands, wipe the glasses with a cloth, breathe on the lenses, put them in a case, search for a long time in your purse, etc. It is better not to ask a man or girlfriend to answer an important question for you with all directness if you see that the person has begun to do manipulations with glasses - he is clearly avoiding an answer that takes him time to think about. As soon as this item is left alone, take the initiative into your own hands. The interlocutor appreciated your tact.
Facial asymmetry
When a friend is happy that you are getting married/pregnant/bought a fur coat/met Brad Pitt, look how symmetrically the joy is reflected on her face. In particular, disgust, fear and anger are more noticeable on the right side of the face, while joy is more noticeable on the left. But for left-handed people the opposite is true. If it seems to you that your friend’s face has become asymmetrical, the emotions are insincere.
Psychologists say that a person who hides his eyes or looks away in a dialogue can be either a very modest person or a liar. And it’s true - someone whose eyes “shift” doesn’t make much of an impression decent person. But people often don’t like to look eye to eye, and this is not connected with thoughts of stealing something or cheating. Why do we look away? Do liars look you in the eye? Modern science has its own answers to these and other questions.
Eyes are the mirror of the soul
Experts from the University of California are convinced that 93% of the quality of communication is determined by non-verbal means. Body language, tone, timbre of voice and, of course, the expression of the eyes - all this helps to understand what a person really wants to say.
Other figures are given in a study led by Steven Janik and Rodney Wellens from the University of Miami in Florida: 44% of attention during communication is focused on the eyes and only 12% on the mouth. It is the eyes that are the “litmus test” of our emotions: they reflect fear, disappointment, bitterness, joy... But why then do we look away so often?
Trying to concentrate
Psychologists Fiona Phelps and Gwyneth Doherty Sneddon in their work “Gaze-Disgust” tried to determine the dependence of the duration of the gaze on the method of obtaining information and the level of its complexity. They conducted an experiment in which two groups of 8-year-old children were asked easy and difficult questions, with the former receiving information face-to-face and the latter through a video monitor.
It turned out that the more complex the question, the more often the child looked away in an attempt to concentrate and find the answer. Interestingly, a similar situation was observed more often in groups where the dialogue was built face to face.
Liar? Liar!
There is a persistent stereotype that when lying, a person is unable to look his interlocutor in the eyes. However, British psychologists from the University of Portsmouth are confident that everything is happening exactly the opposite.
The person telling a lie wants to make sure that his “noodles” are securely settled in your ears, so he continuously monitors your emotions, looking intently into your eyes. But is this behavior effective?
The Power of Persuasion
Sometimes liars do this: knowing that the interlocutor will be unpleasantly surprised by his shifting gaze, he looks intently through the person, directing his gaze to the area of the bridge of his nose.
A series of experiments conducted by psychologists Francis Chan of the University of British Columbia and Julia Minson of the Kennedy School at Harvard University showed that the more intently a speaker looks into the eyes of the interlocutor, the less convincing his speech seems. Have you ever noticed that many public figures do not look into the eyes, but a little lower or at the bridge of the nose? Close visual contact can often be seen as a clear attempt to impose one's point of view.
One on one
British scientists from the University of Portsmouth also proved that people look into the eyes of their interlocutor longer if they are face to face with him - on average 7-10 seconds. This time is reduced to 3-5 seconds if communication occurs in groups.
Flirting triangle
A smile, a wink, a long look straight into the eyes... Such behavior is regarded in modern society as an attempt at flirting. Many of us probably avoid prolonged eye contact for this very reason. What if a person thinks something wrong?
Communication consultant Susan Rabin confirms this stereotype in her book 101 Ways to Flirt: Long eye contact is extremely important for flirting, with men and women using different "techniques." If representatives of the stronger half of humanity prefer a direct gaze, which they subconsciously consider a manifestation of strength and courage, then women “slide” their gaze along the so-called “flirting triangle”: the lady first visually studies the entire “object”, if the “test” is passed by the subject successfully, the gaze “rests” on the eyes.
The reason is misfortune
Dr Peter Hills, who teaches psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, and Dr Michael Lewis from Cardiff University, have published a paper which suggests that unhappy people tend to avoid eye contact.
They are more likely to pay attention to a new hairstyle, beautiful shoes or the scent of perfume. Perhaps this happens because the suffering person does not want to immerse himself in the true emotional state of the interlocutor. He has his own problems “through the roof”!
Visual, auditory or kinesthetic?
Neuro-linguists offer their explanation. Whether a person likes to look into the eyes or tries to quickly look away - it depends on the way he thinks. Visual learners think through visual images, which is why it is so important for them to focus on their eyes in order to “read” the missing information.
For auditory learners, sounds are important - they are more likely to listen to the timbre and intonation of the voice, looking somewhere to the side. Kinesthetics, based on intuition and tactile sensations, during communication try to touch the interlocutor, hug, shake hands, while they usually look down.
Aggression, or What does he need?
Social psychologist Julia A. Minson is convinced that visual contact, on the one hand, is a very intimate process, on the other hand, it can reflect the desire of one person to dominate another.
“Animals will never look each other eye to eye,” says Julia, “unless they then intend to fight for dominance.” Indeed, a person looking closely at you gives rise to a feeling of anxiety and a lot of questions.
If this is a stranger on public transport or at a deserted bus stop, then the question immediately arises: “What does he need?” Nervousness can lead to mutual aggression. If a colleague, a good friend, or a nice saleswoman in a supermarket stares into your eyes, you want to quickly look at yourself in the mirror and check if the parsley stuck to your teeth during lunch or if the mascara ran. Each of us has experienced similar feelings of awkwardness, so we often prefer to quickly look away.
Sep 20, 2016 tigress...s
Why doesn't a person make eye contact? There is a widespread belief that he is telling lies and deliberately hiding his gaze so as not to reveal his real intentions. This may well be true, but there are a number of other reasons why the interlocutor specifically avoids eye contact. A person may not make eye contact because of his character, temperament, lack of courage, or lack of self-confidence. The qualities that form the personality in each of us are expressed differently, and this affects how sociable a person is and how he behaves during a conversation.
A person does not make eye contact when talking - the main reasons
Banal shyness
This fact has been confirmed by scientific research. A person knows that a glance can give away feelings, so he deliberately averts it. Many lovers try to hide their increased interest because they are afraid to openly express their feelings or are waiting for the right moment. If at the same time your interlocutor blushes and begins to say some nonsense, then love is obvious here!
Self-doubt
These people find it difficult to communicate with others because they constantly worry about what people will think of them. An insecure person rarely makes eye contact, and often does so furtively, because he is very worried about his emotional experiences and thinks about how best to behave during a conversation.
Heavy unpleasant look from the interlocutor
Such people are often called energy vampires, who seem to deliberately “drill” with their gaze, wanting to suppress and show their superiority. The heavy, gaze of the opponent seems to penetrate the interlocutor, causing discomfort and causing unpleasant emotions. In these cases, eye contact is very difficult, so many try to avoid it, for example, by lowering their eyes to the floor.
Irritation
Some people may be tired of attempts at close eye contact on the part of their interlocutors; they think that they are trying to catch them in something bad and experience unpleasant emotions and irritation about this.
What the interlocutor says is absolutely not interesting
If an averted indifferent glance is combined with a yawn, and the person you are talking to often looks at his watch, then you should quickly stop this dialogue, since it is ineffective. In this case, there is no sense of verbal and non-verbal exchange of information.
Intense information flow
In a few seconds of close visual contact, you can get a very large amount of information, which is equivalent to many hours of frank communication. Therefore, even during a confidential conversation, friends sometimes look away in order to distract themselves and digest the information received.
Why does a person close his eyes when talking?
A squinted gaze means precise concentration of attention on a specific object. A narrowed, intense gaze can indicate an increased tendency to criticism and hostility, and also reveal the callousness of the person. Half-closed eyelids of the interlocutor during a conversation indicate his high self-esteem, arrogance, swagger, and complete inertia to the events taking place.
If the interlocutor closes his eyes without much effort, without squinting them, it means that he is trying to abstract himself from external events. Such self-isolation helps to concentrate well on thinking about some task, reflect on upcoming events and enjoy sensual visual images.
Considering the situation as a whole, it is quite possible to understand why a person hides his eyes when talking.
The body tells about you and others. Posture, gestures and postures always mean something, because with the help of these signals the body tries to give vent to the feelings that you are trying to suppress. Research has shown that every time a person tries to hide their emotions, their blood pressure increases.
As we learned in the previous chapter, every gesture and movement conveys precise information about how you feel, whether you want it to or not. Body language can enhance or weaken the meaning of a verbal message because a person's body reveals their true feelings.
One day former president Nixon unwittingly revealed his feelings by demonstrating to others that he was uncomfortable being asked difficult questions. He turned his whole body away from those who asked such questions, that is, he tried to distance himself, and as a result he lost confidence in himself. Watching Nixon, people realized that he had something to hide.
Several years ago I treated Marissa, a fifteen-year-old girl who made a very good impression on me. While interacting with her during class, I admired not only her intelligence, but also her excellent posture and leisurely hand movements, which clearly indicated that she had a developed sense of self-esteem.
However, everything changed as soon as her mother showed up to class with Marissa. It was as if the girl had been replaced. Her demeanor underwent a dramatic metamorphosis. She sat without raising her head and avoided meeting my or her mother's gaze. She kept her hands humbly folded in her lap.
I really sympathized with Marissa, immediately understanding what was happening. She was clearly under the influence of her formidable mother, in whose presence she wanted more than anything to become as inconspicuous as possible. She was clearly afraid of her mother and, yielding to her pressure, temporarily sacrificed her self-esteem.
When I told them about my observations, Marissa admitted that she always felt awkward in her mother’s presence. She had never been able to live up to her expectations, let alone earn her praise. Once she realized this, the relationship between mother and daughter improved and they finally learned to treat each other with respect.
Tilts
When you like a person, you usually lean towards him. This is a sign that you are interested in both him and what he has to say. If the interest is extremely great, then you lean forward with your whole body, while your legs remain in place. If a person sits leaning on his side, this means that he is showing you his friendly disposition. If a person is unpleasant, boring, or you feel awkward around them, you tend to lean back.
One day I had lunch with a friend who liked a man from our group. When he apologized and left the table, she began to pour out her feelings to me and finally asked if, in my opinion, she had any chance. I didn't want to disappoint her, so I told her how she could find out. I advised her to see how close he would sit to her and whether he would lean towards her.
The man soon returned, and my friend quickly received an answer to her question. Her chances were close to zero. He sat down and leaned back in his chair. When she reached out to touch his hand, he pulled back with obvious displeasure. He paid little attention to her, and when he spoke to her, he behaved stiffly and very formally. His behavior spoke for itself. He was in a serious relationship with another woman - he wasn't interested in my girlfriend, and he let her know that through his body language.
Trespassing
Just like animals, people have their own rules regarding their living space and their own territory. When one animal takes over the living space of another, it becomes frightened and may attack it. The same thing happens with people. Every culture has rules dictating how close one person can sit or stand from another. People from Latin America and those from the Middle East stand closer to each other than residents of Western countries, who are not used to being constrained. But if a European or American visits another country, then getting to know the local customs and adhering to them will not be superfluous for him.
People who violate the boundaries of someone else's territory, no matter what their nationality, either love to show off and show strength, or they do not understand at all what they are doing. When someone comes very close to you and starts talking, you may not like it and you may not want to communicate. You will begin to back away and retreat until you simply apologize and run away. You may notice that you unconsciously crossed your arms in protest, tried to turn away, or pulled your head into your shoulders. You begin to shift from foot to foot, fidget, or try to change your position. There may also be a harsh note in your voice and you will ask the person to take a step back.
In some studies, experimenters deliberately approached people so close that they felt discomfort. In an effort to show that they had been disturbed, these people usually moved away abruptly.
Sometimes a person gets too close to you on purpose to make you feel insecure. Invading someone else's territory frightens those who own it, and they retreat, trying to figure out your intentions. If you stand too close, most people will be offended, and no matter what they say, they will never get rid of the negative emotions you caused.
If you get too close to a person, it will make him worry about whether his personal hygiene is in order, whether his breath is fresh, and whether he smells good. Or the person may not like the way you smell. However, your reaction to an invasion of your space may not be negative if you are glad to see the person so close.
It is important to note that a person who feels strong and confident usually takes up more space because he is not embarrassed to stretch his legs freely or place his arms comfortably. Well, a less confident person, as a rule, tucks his legs and presses his arms to his body, trying to assume a fetal position.
If a person is standing too far away
People who stand too far away appear arrogant, arrogant, or consider themselves superior to others. They are literally afraid to get too close to you. Perhaps they are sitting or standing so far away because they don't like you. They are irritated by your conversation, smell or appearance. Often people who strive to physically distance themselves from others experience fear in their souls.
Copying movements
If you want to make sure that you seem attractive to someone, check to see if the person is following your movements. If one of you is copying elements of the other's body language (crossing your legs at the same time, resting your head on your hand, clasping your hands, etc.), chances are that one or both of you are in a lyrical mood. When a person imitates another, it indicates that he wants to be like him.
Rocking from heel to toe
These body movements signal that the person is feeling impatient or restless. Adults sway from heel to toe in moments of excitement, when they are embarrassed and want to calm down.
This behavior is not uncommon in children, especially those suffering from autism: it is their way of cheering themselves up and restoring peace of mind.
If adults behave this way, people around them don't like it because it distracts them. They cannot concentrate and concentrate on what the person who is swaying is trying to tell them.
Fidgeting
When people don't find a place for themselves, they thereby tell you a lot of information about themselves. They get nervous and then that's a sign that they don't want to be here anymore. They wring their hands or shift from foot to foot, which indicates anxiety or irritation. When a person is uncomfortable, he constantly makes some kind of movement to feel better.
When people feel awkward, their temperature rises, they literally feel heat in their chest and they fiddle with their tie, trying to loosen the knot.
So when you see someone fidgeting, know that they are sending you a message that they are uncomfortable or that something is bothering them. Perhaps the person lied or wants to get away from the people in whose company he is in at the moment located.
Head tilt
A head tilted to the side signals that the person is interested and ready to listen to what you have to say. He's focused on your words and you've managed to capture his full attention.
Have you noticed that small children who have not yet learned to speak often keep their heads to the side when spoken to? This shows that they are listening carefully.
Sudden head movement
Having heard something they did not like, people often make a sharp movement of their head away from the speaker. Most likely, this is an unconscious reaction designed to create a barrier between a person and the source of discomfort.
Nodding
People who constantly nod when you talk like to please everyone. They usually have a burning desire to be liked. Their manner seems to say: “I agree with everything you say, but you should love me for it.” As a rule, these are insecure people who are afraid of being rejected.
When a person shakes or turns their head, it means they are expressing doubt or disagreement with what has been said. He may shake his head, trying to analyze what was said and decide what position he should take in this case.
Head hanging low
Unless you are participating in a religious ceremony or were born in a country where it is customary to bow your head as a sign of respect, hanging your head low during a conversation indicates that the person is insecure, suffers from low self-esteem, is unhappy, or is experiencing depression.
The late Princess Diana had a habit of speaking with her head hung low. Initially, this could have been a sign of compliance, but since Diana did not change this manner later, it seems to me that this was a reflection of her difficult mental state and proof that Diana did not feel very confident in her role as princess.
Sharply tossed head
A sharply raised head signals an impending threat in the same way as a forward chin. This is a sign of aggressiveness and hostility, indicating that a person is ready to go to extremes to solve the problem facing him.
When a person shakes their head or throws it back, these movements usually convey contempt or arrogance.
Scratching your head
Unless a person has lice or some kind of skin disease, scratching the head means that he is embarrassed or unsure about something.
One day I was working with my music producer on a song I had written when I noticed that he was furiously scratching the back of his head. I asked if he had any doubts about the ending of the song. The producer answered in the affirmative and added that he wanted the song to have a different, more dramatic ending. Noticing that he was scratching his head, I guessed that the producer really didn’t like what we were doing. He decided that we should change the ending of the song, but he was afraid of offending me.
Or another example. Let's say you ask someone a question, and the person starts scratching their head. He tells you that he did not understand your question or does not know how to answer it. It will be useful to repeat your question in a different form so that the person understands exactly what you are asking of him. By changing the wording of the question, you will also give the other person additional time to prepare an answer.
Shrug
When people shrug their shoulders, it means they are lying, insincere, or don't care. This can also be interpreted as “I don’t know,” “I’m not sure,” or “I don’t believe something.”
A person who lies usually shrugs his shoulders very quickly. In this case, it is done completely involuntarily and means something completely different than indifference or lack of interest. The person seems to be saying that he is not telling the truth. This quick shrug of the shoulders is an unconscious attempt to appear cool, calm and collected.
If a person raises his shoulders, but does not shrug them, but leaves them in this position, then he is demonstrating his defenselessness.
This movement was often made by Marilyn Monroe to emphasize her sexuality and willingness to communicate.
The clearest signals are given by our nervous system. It is very difficult for us to control them. It's almost impossible to stop yourself from sweating or blushing when you're nervous. It is impossible to control your pupils at the poker table. But our nervous system reacts only in the case of very strong emotions - then what should we do if a lie does not cause a strong emotion in a person?
Face
A person’s face always expresses two states: feelings that he is ready to show to others, and his true thoughts, which he does not want to share with anyone. Sometimes these two conditions coincide, but this happens extremely rarely. If we try to control our facial expressions, we do it in three ways.
Qualification. We add to existing
one more facial expression (for example, we depict
smile to hide sadness).
Modeling. We change the intensity of expression
on the face, making them more or less bright. This is achieved due to the activity of the facial muscles and the period of time in which they are involved.
Falsification (simulation). We show feelings
qualities that we do not actually experience. There are other options, for example we try not
give away your feelings (neutralization) or disguise them as others (masking).
For others to trust us, we must have good control of our facial muscles. This is especially successful for children who happily “make faces” in front of the mirror. As we age, this ability deteriorates, so we often have no idea what we look like in any given situation. Sometimes we simply don’t have time to prepare, and we do everything in the hope that it will “work.”
The most difficult thing is to neutralize your feelings, to pretend that you do not experience them, especially if these feelings are strong and sincere. Often the face (beyond the will of the person) turns into a mask, and the interlocutor immediately understands that something is wrong here and tries to find out what is being hidden from him. Therefore, liars prefer to mask some feelings with others. You already know that when camouflaging we mainly use the lower part of the face. This means that our eyes, eyebrows and forehead reveal our true state (see. Chapter Five. Sense and sensitivity).
Another, most common method of camouflage is a smile. Charles Darwin had a whole theory about this. He said that most often we strive to disguise negative emotions, and when smiling, completely different muscles are involved, which are easy to control at this moment.
In the previous photos (see section Seven Samurai) have you seen the difference between sincere and insincere smiles. A sincere smile is always symmetrical: both corners of the mouth rise up at the same time. A fake smile may well be asymmetrical (one corner of the mouth is raised). A smile from one corner of the mouth can also indicate contempt or disgust for the interlocutor (remember Yoran Perston). A sincerely smiling person smiles not only with his lips, but also with his eyes.
To appear sincere, actors try to remember something pleasant before smiling, so that the joy is real. We must also remember that a real smile, unlike a fake one, does not appear suddenly: a person needs time to realize joy. But to portray a lie, one impulse is enough.
Microexpressions play a big role when you need to guess the state of your interlocutor. Sometimes the interlocutor smiles and says pleasant things, but we feel: something is wrong here. Most likely, our subconscious noted facial microexpressions and interpreted them correctly. It's a pity that not all people show microexpressions or show them when they are trying to suppress emotions rather than lie.
Eyes They say that you can tell a liar by his eyes. Let us remember the expression: “I can see in your eyes that you are lying.” There is a statement: if a person looks away or blinks frequently, then he is lying. Perhaps there is some truth in this. But people are so confident in this phenomenon that now, when they lie, they try to look the other person straight in the eye. Since childhood, we have heard that a liar is afraid to look him in the eye, but, unfortunately, this will not help us now. There are situations when we look away for natural reasons: for example, we look down when we are sad, to the side when we are ashamed, or look through a person when he is unpleasant to us. The most skilled liars are those who know how to look away at the right time.
Excitement is also revealed by the size of the pupils. They expand when excited or surprised. Listen to the person and at the same time watch his pupils. If he tells you something important, his pupils cannot remain the same.
When a liar blinks, his eyes usually remain closed longer than those of an honest person. British zoologist Desmond Morris, who studied the behavior of animals and people, noticed that this happens, for example, during a police interrogation. This is an unconscious attempt by a person to hide from reality, like an ostrich does when it buries its head in the sand.
It is also important to monitor your eye movements. Remember what I told you about memories and constructing new thoughts? When designing, we use our imagination, and we need it when we think about the future, create something new, invent fairy tales, and so on. Remember the eye movement pattern (see section Look at me)? Depending on whether we are remembering something or creating a new thought, our eyes move differently. A lie is also a construction, because we create something that did not exist. If a visual person talks about something and claims that he saw everything with his own eyes, and at the same time his gaze is directed upward to the right, it means that he is inventing (constructing) everything. Then ask yourself: why would he invent something? For example, a person tells you: “I was late at work and was very hungry. Then I ate pizza with Joke and then went straight home.” If a person looks up to the right when he says “ate pizza with Joke,” that means he’s making it up. Something is wrong here. It is quite possible that they are blatantly lying to you.
A person cannot control his gaze, which, when constructed, against his will, will be directed upward to the right, which is why a liar cannot look straight into the eyes, but if a person tells you what really happened, that is, he remembers, he can look you in the eye. This means that if a person had time to come up with a lie, say it to himself, maybe even learn it by heart, then he can calmly repeat it (remember) looking straight into your eyes. In this case, it does not matter whether he is talking about a real event or whether it is all a figment of his imagination. Don't forget that not all people fit this model. You should think ten times before letting someone you don’t know spend the night, no matter what he tells you.
Hands The face is more difficult to control than other parts of the body because the activity of the facial muscles is related to the function of the brain. But other parts of the body, such as hands, often give us away. Our hands can give a variety of signals. As with words, a certain gesture has a certain meaning (an emblem) that is understood by all members of the same culture. For example, Winston Churchill's two-fingered V sign signifies victory, and everyone in Western civilization knows this. Lying with gestures is easy. You just need to answer the question “Did you win the match?” by holding up two fingers. Even if in reality we lost badly.
Sometimes we use gestures unconsciously, and they can tell us what a person is really thinking and feeling because he has no control over them. They can be difficult to detect. Paul Ekman, for example, discovered a gesture that students made while talking to an unpleasant person. Unconsciously, they clenched their hand into a fist, sometimes even sticking out one finger, as if showing the interviewer an inappropriate Fun exercise Construction Exercise
I have already said that not all people are the same, that is, not everyone's eye movements correspond to the model. But everyone makes some kind of movement when they mentally create a structure. The following exercise will help you learn to recognize when the other person is making something up.
Step 1. Ask your interlocutor to imagine something, such as Mona Lisa, depicted in a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Give him time to mentally examine the picture and carefully monitor his eye movements.
Step 2. Ask the other person to imagine the same picture, but with some variations. For example, the Mona Lisa, painted by a five-year-old child. Again, give him time to mentally see the picture and watch his eyes. Your goal is to check whether he follows the system or uses some of his own movements when constructing.
Step 3. Invite your interlocutor to imagine something else and make sure that he makes the same movements over and over again. (Just ask him to imagine a new picture, otherwise the construction will not work - he will simply remember the previous exercise.) gesture. But this happened under the table, and this person still would not have been able to see him. There was no doubt that the students' gestures were expressing disgust towards their interlocutor, although they were not aware that they were experiencing precisely this feeling.
Another wide famous gesture is a shrug of the shoulders when we want to show our ignorance or that we don’t care about it. The shoulders rise, and accordingly the arms too, palms are usually directed towards the interlocutor.
There are also hand movements that we use to illustrate our statements (for example, we draw contours in the air when talking about abstract concepts). All people use their hands when speaking, only the activity of gestures varies from one culture to another. For example, southern Europeans - Italians and Spaniards - are very fond of accompanying their words with intense gestures. We rarely pay attention to gestures, but in fact they mean a lot to us.
It is impossible to communicate with a person who says one thing, but shows with his hands something completely different. In my seminars I do the following experiment. I look the person straight in the eye, ask what time it is, and at the same time point my finger at the window. In response, I always get: “Um... What?”, although it would seem that the question could not be simpler. True, there are times when the use of gestures is reduced to a minimum - for example, at a moment of fatigue, when we have no energy or we are bored or sad, and if we are intensely focusing on the words of the interlocutor. When. We. Let's listen. In each. Word. Like when we lie.
Creating new thoughts is a complex mental process. Focusing on inventing something new, we forget about gestures. Our body is practically not involved, only the speech apparatus works. The absence of gestures is a sure sign that a person is lying.
When I ask how you can spot a liar, people usually answer that they scratch their nose a lot. There is some truth in this. People who lie tend to bring their hands to their face, but scratching their nose is not that common. You will be surprised, but often liars cover their mouths with their hand, as if they do not allow the words of lies to come out of their mouths or are ashamed of the fact that they are lying. If a person, when talking to you, covers his mouth with his hand, scratches his nose, constantly adjusts his glasses, or pulls his earlobe, he is most likely lying.
All these gestures can sometimes be observed in someone who simply sits and listens to another. Agree, we often hush up our true thoughts and do not tell our interlocutor to his face that, in our opinion, he is lying. If you notice these signs in the person you are talking to, try to convey your thoughts more clearly to convince him of the veracity of what you said. You don't want to be considered a fraud, do you?
Like all other signs, scratching your nose does not necessarily make a person a blatant liar. But if your interlocutor scratches his nose several times during a conversation, you should look for other signs of lying or suppressing the truth.
Other parts of the body When speaking, you should also pay attention to the other person's posture, legs and feet. An interested person will straighten his back and turn towards you, an indifferent person will lower his shoulders and bend a little. If the conversation drags on, a person can lean on the wall or sit on the edge of the table and remain in this position until the interlocutor realizes that he is behaving indecently and interest in the conversation reappears.
We rarely pay attention to the signals our legs and feet give us. Probably because we keep them under the table most of the time and because we are used to looking into the eyes of our interlocutor, not paying attention to his body.
A classic example is a travel agent who spent forty minutes trying to sell a tour package to a young couple. He was extremely polite all the time, but in the last half hour he was thinking that he could sell ten trips in the time that he communicates with these stupid teenagers. The travel agent did not realize that for the last half hour he had been kicking the floor with one foot towards his interlocutors - a very clear and aggressive signal. Another example is a shy girl who, on a date, tries to pretend to be relaxed and languid while her legs are convulsively clenched under the table.